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Dyslexia

From Wikipedia
dyslexia
learning disability, reading disability, class of disease
Subclass ofreading disorder and écrites disorder, language disorder, learning disability, disease Edit
Facet givedyslexic Edit
Has causegenetic disease Edit
Health specialtyneuropsychology, pediatrics Edit
Symptoms and signsreading disorder and écrites disorder Edit
Medical examinationfunctional magnetic resonance imaging Edit
Genetic associationPCSK6 Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/dyslexia Edit
ICPC 2 IDP24 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC96410 Edit
Opposite ofhyperlexia Edit

Dyslexia, dem sanso know as "word blindness", be a learning disability wey dey affect either reading anaa writing.[1][2] Different people be affected to different degrees.[3] Problems fi include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words insyd de head, pronouncing words wen reading aloud den understanding wat one dey read.[3][4] Often dese difficulties be first noticed at school.[5] De difficulties be involuntary, wey people plus dis disorder get a normal desire to learn.[3] People plus dyslexia get higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, den difficulties plus numbers.[5][6]

Dem dey believe dyslexia to be caused by de interaction of genetic den environmental factors.[5] Sam cases dey run insyd families.[3] Dyslexia wey dey develop secof a traumatic brain injury, stroke, anaa dementia dem sam times call "acquired dyslexia"[1] anaa alexia.[3] De underlying mechanisms of dyslexia dey result from differences within de brain ein language processing.[3] Dyslexia be diagnosed thru a series of tests of memory, vision, spelling, den reading skills.[7] Dyslexia be separate from reading difficulties wey be caused by hearing anaa vision problems anaa by insufficient teaching anaa opportunity to learn.[5]

Treatment dey involve adjusting teaching methods to meet de person ein needs.[1] While no dey cure de underlying problem, e fi decrease de degree anaa impact of symptoms.[8] Treatments targeting vision no be effective.[9] Dyslexia be de most common learning disability den dey occur insyd all areas of de world.[10] E dey affect 3–7% of de population;[5][11] however, up to 20% of de general population fi get sam degree of symptoms.[12] While dyslexia be more often diagnosed insyd boys, dis be partly explained by a self-fulfilling referral bias among teachers den professionals.[5][13] Na dem even suggest dat de condition dey affect men den women equally.[10] Sam believe say dyslexia be best considered as a different way of learning, plus both benefits den downsides.[14][15]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 "Dyslexia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017.
  2. ↑ Siegel LS (November 2006). "Perspectives on dyslexia". Paediatrics & Child Health. 11 (9): 581–7. doi:10.1093/pch/11.9.581. ISSN 1205-7088. PMC 2528651. PMID 19030329.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "What are reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. 1 December 2016.
  4. ↑ "What are the symptoms of reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. 1 December 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Peterson, Robin L.; Pennington, Bruce F. (May 2012). "Developmental dyslexia". Lancet. 379 (9830): 1997–2007. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60198-6. PMC 3465717. PMID 22513218.
  6. ↑ "What are the symptoms of reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. 1 December 2016.
  7. ↑ "How are reading disorders diagnosed?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "What are common treatments for reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Handler, SM; Fierson, WM; Section on, Ophthalmology; Council on Children with, Disabilities; American Academy of, Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and, Strabismus; American Association of Certified, Orthoptists (March 2011). "Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision". Pediatrics. 127 (3): e818–56. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3670. PMID 21357342. S2CID 11454203.
  10. 1 2 Umphred, Darcy Ann; Lazaro, Rolando T.; Roller, Margaret; Burton, Gordon (2013). Neurological Rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-323-26649-9. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017.
  11. ↑ Kooij, J. J. Sandra (2013). Adult ADHD diagnostic assessment and treatment (3rd ed.). London: Springer. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4471-4138-9. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "What are common treatments for reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "What are common treatments for reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "What are common treatments for reading disorders?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  15. ↑ Mathew, Schneps (August 2014). "The Advantages of Dyslexia". ScientificAmerican.com. Scientific American. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
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