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Ebola

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Ebola hemorrhagic fever
infectious disease, class of disease
Dem name afterEbola River Edit
Has causeEbolavirus, Orthoebolavirus zairense Edit
Has effectWestern African Ebola virus epidemic Edit
Time of discovery anaa invention26 August 1976 Edit
Location of discoveryEbola River, Democratic Republic of the Congo Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Disease transmission processcontact transmission, haemocontact transmission of pathogen Edit
Biosafety levelbiosafety level 4 Edit
Has natural reservoirHammer-headed bat, Franquet's Epauletted Fruit Bat, Little Collared Fruit Bat, human Edit
Get characteristiccontagiousness Edit
Bibliographybibliography of Ebola Edit
ICPC 2 IDA77 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC36171 Edit

Ebola, dem sanso know as Ebola virus disease (EVD) den Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), be a viral hemorrhagic fever insyd humans den oda primates, wey ebolaviruses cause.[1] Symptoms typically dey start anywer between two days den three weeks after infection.[2] De first symptoms usually be fever, sore throat, muscle pain, den headaches.[1] Dese usually be followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash den decreased liver den kidney function,[1] at wich point sam people begin to bleed both internally den externally.[1] Ebola get a mortality rate of 25–90% wey dey depend on treatment, den averages a mortality rate of approximately 50%.[1] Death often be secof shock from fluid loss, den typically dey occur between 6 den 16 days after de first symptoms appear.[3] Early treatment of symptoms dey increase de survival rate considerably dem compare to late start.[4] Na dem approve an Ebola vaccine by de US FDA insyd December 2019.

De virus dey spread thru direct contact plus body fluids, such as blood from infected humans anaa oda animals,[1] anaa from contact plus items wey recently dem be contaminated plus infected body fluids.[1] Der be no documented cases, either insyd nature anaa under laboratory conditions, of spread thru de air between humans anaa oda primates.[5] After recovering from Ebola, semen anaa breast milk fi continue to carry de virus for anywer between several weeks to several months.[1][6][7] Dem dey believe fruit bats to be de natural host of de virus; dem be able to spread de virus widout dem be affected by am.[1] De symptoms of Ebola fi resemble those of several oda diseases, wey dey include malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis den oda viral hemorrhagic fevers.[1] Diagnosis be confirmed by testing blood samples for de presence of viral RNA, viral antibodies anaa de virus einself.[1][8]

Control of outbreaks dey require coordinated medical services den community engagement,[1] wey dey include rapid detection, contact tracing of those wey be exposed, quick access to laboratory services, care for those infected, den proper disposal of de dead thru cremation anaa burial.[1][9] Prevention measures dey involve wearing proper protective clothing den washing hands wen in close proximity to patients den while handling potentially infected bushmeat, as well as thoroughly cooking bushmeat.[1] Two treatments (atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab den ansuvimab) be associated plus improved outcomes.[10] Supportive efforts sanso improve outcomes.[1] Dese dey include oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened den salty water) anaa giving intravenous fluids, den treating symptoms.[1] Insyd October 2020, na dem approve atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (Inmazeb) for medical use insyd de United States to treat de disease caused by Zaire ebolavirus.[11]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Ebola virus disease, Fact sheet N°103, Updated September 2014". World Health Organization (WHO). September 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Modrow S, Falke D, Truyen U, Schätzl H (2013). "Viruses: Definition, Structure, Classification". In Modrow S, Falke D, Truyen U, Schätzl H (eds.). Molecular Virology (in English). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 17–30. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20718-1_2. ISBN 978-3-642-20718-1. S2CID 83235976.
  3. ↑ Singh SK, Ruzek D, eds. (2014). Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 444. ISBN 978-1439884294. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016.
  4. ↑ Ebola in Uganda: Guiliani R. "Our game-changing treatment centres will save more lives". msf.org.urk. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  5. ↑ "2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa". World Health Organization (WHO). 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  6. ↑ "Preliminary study finds that Ebola virus fragments can persist in the semen of some survivors for at least nine months". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 14 October 2015. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017.
  7. ↑ "Recommendations for Breastfeeding/Infant Feeding in the Context of Ebola". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 19 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  8. ↑ Broadhurst MJ, Brooks TJ, Pollock NR (13 July 2016). "Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease: Past, Present, and Future". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 29 (4). American Society for Microbiology: 773–793. doi:10.1128/cmr.00003-16. ISSN 0893-8512. LCCN 88647279. OCLC 38839512. PMC 5010747. PMID 27413095.
  9. ↑ "Guidance for Safe Handling of Human Remains of Ebola Patients in U.S. Hospitals and Mortuaries". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  10. ↑ "Independent Monitoring Board Recommends Early Termination of Ebola Therapeutics Trial in DRC Because of Favorable Results with Two of Four Candidates". NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 12 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  11. ↑ "FDA Approves First Treatment for Ebola Virus". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
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