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Ectopic pregnancy

From Wikipedia
ectopic pregnancy
type of disease
Subclass offemale reproductive system disease, human pregnancy Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Health specialtymidwifery, gynaecology Edit
Symptoms and signsabdominal pain Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentmifepristone, methotrexate Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/ectopic_pregnancy Edit
ICD-9-CM633, 633.9, 633.90, 633.8 Edit
ICPC 2 IDW80 Edit

Ectopic pregnancy be a complication of pregnancy insyd wich de embryo dey attach outsyd de uterus.[1] Dis complication sanso be referred to as an extrauterine pregnancy (a.k.a. EUP).[2] Signs den symptoms classically dey include abdominal pain den vaginal bleeding, buh fewer dan 50 percent of affected women get both of dese symptoms.[3] De pain fi be described as sharp, dull, anaa crampy.[3] Pain sanso fi be spread to de shoulder if bleeding into de abdomen occur.[3] Severe bleeding fi result in a fast heart rate, fainting, anaa shock.[1][3] Plus very rare exceptions, de fetus be unable to survive.[4]

Overall, ectopic pregnancies annually dey affect less dan 2% of pregnancies worldwide.[1] Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy dey include pelvic inflammatory disease, often secof chlamydia infection; tobacco smoking; endometriosis; prior tubal surgery; a history of infertility; den de use of assisted reproductive technology.[5] Those wey previously get an ectopic pregnancy be at much higher risk of having anoda one.[5] Chaw ectopic pregnancies (90%) dey occur insyd de fallopian tube, wich be known as tubal pregnancies,[5] buh implantation sanso fi occur on de cervix, ovaries, caesarean scar, anaa within de abdomen.[3] Detection of ectopic pregnancy typically be by blood tests give human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) den ultrasound.[3] Dis fi require testing on more dan one occasion.[3] Oda causes of similar symptoms dey include: miscarriage, ovarian torsion, den acute appendicitis.[3]

Prevention be by decreasing risk factors, such as chlamydia infections, thru screening den treatment.[6] While sam ectopic pregnancies go miscarry widout treatment,[5] de standard treatment give ectopic pregnancy be a procedure to either remove de embryo from de fallopian tube anaa to remove de fallopian tube altogether. De use of de medication methotrexate dey work as well as surgery insyd sam cases.[5] Specifically, e dey work well wen de beta-HCG be low, den de size of de ectopic be small.[5] Surgery such as a salpingectomy still typically be recommended if de tube rupture, der be a fetal heartbeat, anaa de woman ein vital signs be unstable.[5] De surgery fi be laparoscopic anaa thru a larger incision, dem know as a laparotomy.[1] Maternal morbidity den mortality be reduced plus treatment.[5]

De rate of ectopic pregnancy be about 11 to 20 per 1,000 live births insyd developed countries, though e fi be as high as 4% among those wey dey use assisted reproductive technology.[1] E be de most common cause of death among women during de first trimester at approximately 6–13% of de total.[5] Insyd de developed world outcomes improve while insyd de developing world dem often remain poor.[6] De risk of death among those insyd de developed world be between 0.1 den 0.3 percent while insyd de developing world e be between one den three percent.[7] De first known description of an ectopic pregnancy be by Al-Zahrawi insyd de 11th century.[6] De word ectopic dey mean 'out of place'.[8]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T (2014). "Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location". Human Reproduction Update. 20 (2): 250–261. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt047. PMID 24101604.
  2. ↑ Logan CM, Rice MK (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations (Hardbound book). J. B. Lippincott. p. 183. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Crochet JR, Bastian LA, Chireau MV (April 2013). "Does this woman have an ectopic pregnancy?: the rational clinical examination systematic review". JAMA. 309 (16): 1722–1729. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.3914. PMID 23613077. S2CID 205049738.
  4. ↑ Zhang J, Li F, Sheng Q (2008). "Full-term abdominal pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature". Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 65 (2): 139–141. doi:10.1159/000110015. PMID 17957101. S2CID 35923100.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cecchino GN, Araujo Júnior E, Elito Júnior J (September 2014). "Methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy: when and how". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 290 (3): 417–423. doi:10.1007/s00404-014-3266-9. PMID 24791968. S2CID 26727563.
  6. 1 2 3 Nama V, Manyonda I (April 2009). "Tubal ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 279 (4): 443–453. doi:10.1007/s00404-008-0731-3. PMID 18665380. S2CID 22538462.
  7. ↑ Mignini L (26 September 2007). "Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy". who.int. The WHO Reproductive Health Library. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  8. ↑ Cornog MW (1998). Merriam-Webster's vocabulary uilder. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-87779-910-8. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
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