Encephalitis lethargica
| Subclass of | encephalitis, postinfectious encephalitis, rare parkinsonian syndrome due to neurodegenerative disease, infectious disease with epilepsy, disease  |
|---|---|
| Dem name after | Constantin von Economo |
| Health specialty | infectious diseases, neurology |
| ICD-9-CM | 049.8 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C26761 |
Encephalitis lethargica (EL) be form of brain inflamation wey be initially characterize by fever, headache, double vision, psychosis, den lethargy.[1] Insyd chao cases, dis gradually dey result insyd some degree of coma.[2] Parkinson's anaa epilepsy go fi develop insyd de years following de initial illness.[1][2]
De cause be unknown.[1] Proposal dey include infection like influenza anaa autoimmune process.[2] Insyd at least some cases, de disease dey spread between menners.[2] Insyd pregnancy, ego fi affect de baby.[2] De underlying mechanism dey involve inflammation of specific parts of de brain, de mesencephalon den de diencephalon.[2] Na de Diagnosis dey base on symptoms after say dem rule out other potential cases.[2]
Treatment dey based on de symptoms.[1] Levodopa go fi result insyd significant, though temporary improvement.[1][2] Outcomes dey depend on de associated complications.[1] About a third of menners wey die.[3] Chao wey survive cam turn permanent disabled.[2]
Outbreaks of disease occur around d world wey start insyd 1916 till 1930 wey affect about 5 million menners.[1][2][3] Outbreaks occurr prior, dem document less than 20 cases since.[2] Constantin von Economo den Jean-René Cruchet wey first describe de condition insyd 1917.[4][2] Dem sana dey bell am "sleeping sickness" anaa "sleepy sickness";[2] though eno dey relate to tsetse fly-transmitted sleeping sickness.[3]
Notable cases
[edit | edit source]Notable cases dey include:
- Muriel "Kit" Richardson (née Hewitt), first wifey of actor Sir Ralph Richardson
- Der be speculation say na Adolf Hitler fi get encephalitis lethargica wen na he be a young adult (in addition to de more substantial case for Parkinsonism insyd ein later years).[5][6][7][8]
- Mervyn Peake (1911–1968), author of de Gormenghast books.[9][10]
- Those dem describe insyd de book Awakenings by de British neurologist Oliver Sacks.
- Jane Norton Grew Morgan, wifey of J. P. Morgan Jr.[11]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Encephalitis Lethargica Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www.ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Berger JR, Vilensky JA (2014). "Encephalitis lethargica (von Economo's encephalitis)". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 123: 745–761. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00036-5. ISBN 9780444534880. PMID 25015515.
- 1 2 3 Harley, Trevor A. (18 February 2021). The Science of Consciousness (in English). Cambridge University Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-107-12528-5. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ↑ von Economo, K. (May 10, 1917). "Die Encephalitis lethargica". Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (in German). 30. Leipzig and Vienna: Franz Deuticke 1918: 581–585.
- ↑ Lieberman, A. (April 1996). "Adolf Hitler had post-encephalitic Parkinsonism". Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2 (2): 95–103. doi:10.1016/1353-8020(96)00005-3. PMID 18591024.
- ↑ Boettcher, L.B.; Bonney, P.A.; Smitherman A.D.; Sughrue, M.E. (July 2015). "Hitler's Parkinsonism". Neurosurg Focus. 39 (1): E8. doi:10.3171/2015.4.FOCUS1563. PMID 26126407. S2CID 19721269.
- ↑ Gupta, R.; Kim, C.; Agarwal, N.; Lieber, B.; Monaco, E.A. (November 2015). "Understanding the influence of Parkinson's disease on Adolf Hitler's decision-making during World War II". World Neurosurg. 84 (5): 1447–1452. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.014. PMID 26093359.
- ↑ Rosen, Denis (15 June 2010). "Review: Asleep: The forgotten epidemic that remains one of medicine's greatest mysteries by Molly Caldwell Crosby". J. Clin. Sleep Med. 6 (3): 299. doi:10.5664/jcsm.27831. PMC 2883045.
- ↑ Sahlas, Demetrios J. (2003). "Dementia with Lewy bodies and the neurobehavioral decline of Mervyn Peake". Arch. Neurol. 60 (6): 889–892. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.6.889. PMID 12810496.
- ↑ McMillan, Roy; Peake, Mervyn (20 July 2011) [1959]. Butcher, Sara (ed.). Titus Alone (PDF) (publishers' liner notes) (in English) (abridged, audio ed.). Germany: Naxos Audiobooks. p. 7. ISBN 978-184-379-542-1. Retrieved 2 May 2018 – via Audible.com.
But the plays were not the financial winners he had hoped for, and he suffered another nervous breakdown in 1957. This led to the more evident display of the symptoms of a type of Parkinson's disease which, alongside the effects of encephalitis lethargica that he contracted in childhood, was slowly to kill him over more than a decade. — Reference guide for abridged audiobook of Titus Alone.
- ↑ Chernow, Ron (1990). The House of Morgan: An American banking dynasty and the rise of modern finance. New York, NY: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-338-5.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Crosby, Molly Caldwell (2010). 'Asleep: The Forgotten Epidemic that Remains One of Medicine's Greatest Mysteries. New York: Penguin/Berkley. – Describes the history of the disease, and the epidemic of the 1920s.
- Reid, A.H.; McCall, S.; Henry, J.M.; Taubenberger, J.K. (2001). "Experimenting on the Past: The Enigma of von Economo's Encephalitis Lethargica". J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 60 (7): 663–670. doi:10.1093/jnen/60.7.663. PMID 11444794.
- Sacks, Oliver (1990). Awakenings. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-375-70405-5. OCLC 21910570.
- Sacks O (1983). "The origin of 'Awakenings'". Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.). 287 (6409): 1968–1969. doi:10.1136/bmj.287.6409.1968. PMC 1550182. PMID 6418286.
- Vilensky, J.A.; Foley, P.; Gilman, S. (August 2007). "Children and encephalitis lethargica: A historical review". Pediatr. Neurol. 37 (2): 79–84. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.04.012. PMID 17675021.
- Vilensky, Joel A., ed. (2010). Encephalitis Lethargica: During and after the epidemic. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190452209.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- "Mystery of the forgotten plague". One-Minute World News. BBC News. 27 July 2004.
Medical Mysteries: The Forgotten Plague was broadcast on BBC One on 28 July [2004] at 22:35 BST.
— item about the tracing of the infectious agent in encephalitis lethargica