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Epileptic seizure

From Wikipedia
seizure
disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofconvulsion, seizure Edit
Has causeepilepsy Edit
Health specialtyneurology, epileptology Edit

A seizure be a sudden disruption of brain activity wey be caused by excessive, synchronized neuronal firing wey dey result in changes insyd behavior.[1][2] Dis neurological condition be common, wey dey affect approximately 50 million individuals around de world.[3][4]

Dey depend on de regions of de brain involved, seizures fi lead to changes insyd movement, sensation, behavior, awareness, anaa consciousness. Symptoms dey vary widely. Sam seizures dey involve subtle changes, such as brief lapses in attention anaa awareness (as dem see insyd absence seizures), while odas dey cause generalized convulsions plus loss of consciousness (tonic–clonic seizures).[5] Chaw seizures dey last less dan two minutes wey be followed by a postictal period of confusion, fatigue, anaa oda symptoms.[6] Status epilepticus be a medical emergency wey dey consist of a seizure wey last longer dan five minutes, anaa multiple seizures widout full recovery between episodes.[7][8]

Seizures be classified as provoked wen dem be triggered by a known cause such as fever, acute head trauma, anaa metabolic imbalance. Unprovoked seizures dey occur wen no immediate trigger be identified. Recurrent unprovoked seizures dey define de neurological condition epilepsy.[2][9]

References

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  1. ↑ Anwar, Haleema; Khan, Qudsia Umaira; Nadeem, Natasha; Pervaiz, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad; Cheema, Fatima Fayyaz (2020-06-12). "Epileptic seizures". Discoveries (Craiova, Romania). 8 (2): e110. doi:10.15190/d.2020.7. ISSN 2359-7232. PMC 7305811. PMID 32577498.
  2. 1 2 "Epilepsy and Seizures | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www.ninds.nih.gov (in English). Retrieved 2025-10-30.
  3. ↑ Chen, Zhibin; Brodie, Martin J.; Ding, Ding; Kwan, Patrick (2023). "Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures". Frontiers in Epidemiology. 3 1273163. doi:10.3389/fepid.2023.1273163. ISSN 2674-1199. PMC 10911047. PMID 38455942.
  4. ↑ Feigin, Valery L.; Vos, Theo; Nair, Balakrishnan Sukumaran; Hay, Simon I.; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd Al; ElHafeez, Samar Abd; Abdelkader, Atef; Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin; Abdullahi, Auwal; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Rumeileh, Samir Abu; Abualruz, Hasan; Aburuz, Salahdein (2025-03-01). "Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021". The Lancet Public Health (in English). 10 (3): e203 – e227. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00302-5. ISSN 2468-2667. PMC 11876103. PMID 40015291.
  5. ↑ Berkowitz, Aaron L. (2022), "Seizures & Epilepsy", Clinical Neurology & Neuroanatomy: A Localization-Based Approach (2 ed.), New York, NY: McGraw Hill, retrieved 2025-04-28
  6. ↑ Pottkämper, Julia C. M.; Hofmeijer, Jeannette; van Waarde, Jeroen A.; van Putten, Michel J. A. M. (2020). "The postictal state-What do we know?". Epilepsia. 61 (6): 1045–1061. doi:10.1111/epi.16519. ISSN 1528-1167. PMC 7317965. PMID 32396219.
  7. ↑ Abou-Khalil, Bassel W.; Gallagher, Martin J.; Macdonald, Robert L. (2022). "Epilepsies". Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice (8th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1614–1663. ISBN 978-0-323-64261-3.
  8. ↑ Migdady, I.; Rosenthal, E. S.; Cock, H. R. (2022). "Management of status epilepticus: a narrative review". Anaesthesia (in English). 77 (S1): 78–91. doi:10.1111/anae.15606. ISSN 1365-2044. PMID 35001380.
  9. ↑ López, Salvador Vergara; Ramos-Jiménez, Christian; Reyes, Luis Adrián de la Cruz; Ruiz, Axel Kevin Galindo; Arriola, Luis Armando Baigts; Olivares, Juan Manuel Moncayo; Galindo, Enya Gabriela Aguirre; Pedroza, Iván Fabricio Pérez; San-Juan, Daniel (2021-12-01). "Epilepsy diagnosis based on one unprovoked seizure and ≥60% risk. A systematic review of the etiologies". Epilepsy & Behavior (in English). 125 108392. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108392. ISSN 1525-5050. PMID 34740089.
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