Epinephrine

type of chemical entity
Subclass of	(±)-adrenaline
Get use	Medication
Stylized name	EPINEPHrine
Stereoisomer of	(S)-racepinefrine
Chemical formula	C₉H₁₃NO₃
Canonical SMILES	CNCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O
Active ingredient in	Auvi-Q, Epinephrine autoinjector, Adrenalin, Symjepi
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name	epinephrine
Pregnancy category	US pregnancy category C
Subject has role	alpha-adrenergic agonist, Adrenergic beta-2 Agonists, adrenergic beta-agonists, neurotransmitter, stress hormone
WordLift URL	http://data.wordlift.io/wl01714/entity/epinephrine.html

Adrenaline, dem sanso know as epinephrine den alternatively dem spell adrenalin, be a hormone den medication^[1]^[2] wich be involved insyd regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).^[1]^[3] E dey appear as a white microcrystalline granule.^[4] Adrenaline be normally produced by de adrenal glands den by a small number of neurons insyd de medulla oblongata.^[5] E dey play an essential role insyd de fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on de SA node,^[6] pupil dilation response, den blood sugar level.^[7]^[8] E dey do dis by binding to alpha den beta receptors.^[8] E be found insyd chaw animals, wey dey include humans, den sam single-celled organisms.^[9]^[10] E sanso be isolated from de plant Scoparia dulcis dem find insyd Northern Vietnam.^[11]

References

1 2 Lieberman M, Marks A, Peet A (2013). Marks' Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-60831-572-7.
↑ "Adrenaline". 21 August 2015.
↑ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-07-148127-4. Epinephrine occurs in only a small number of central neurons, all located in the medulla. Epinephrine is involved in visceral functions, such as the control of respiration. It is also produced by the adrenal medulla.
↑ Larrañaga M (2016). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 561.
↑ "Adrenaline: physiology and pharmacology | DermNet". dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
↑ Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ (July 1979). "How does adrenaline accelerate the heart?". Nature. 280 (5719): 235–236. Bibcode:1979Natur.280..235B. doi:10.1038/280235a0. PMID 450140. S2CID 4350616.
↑ Bell DR (2009). Medical physiology: principles for clinical medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-7817-6852-8.
1 2 Khurana I (2008). Essentials of Medical Physiology. Elsevier India. p. 460. ISBN 978-81-312-1566-1.
↑ Buckley E (2013). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Vertebrates. Elsevier. p. 478. ISBN 978-1-4832-6288-8.
↑ Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1997. p. 510. ISBN 978-1-107-26850-0.
↑ Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H (April 2006). "Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 54 (4): 546–549. doi:10.1248/cpb.54.546. PMID 16595962.

External links

"U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal – Epinephrine". Archived from the original on 14 December 2019.

[Chan_2013-1] 1 2 Lieberman M, Marks A, Peet A (2013). Marks' Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-60831-572-7.

[2] "Adrenaline". 21 August 2015.

[NHM_Epinephrine-3] Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: Widely Projecting Systems: Monoamines, Acetylcholine, and Orexin". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-07-148127-4. Epinephrine occurs in only a small number of central neurons, all located in the medulla. Epinephrine is involved in visceral functions, such as the control of respiration. It is also produced by the adrenal medulla.

[4] Larrañaga M (2016). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 561.

[5] "Adrenaline: physiology and pharmacology | DermNet". dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 2023-03-20.

[6] Brown HF, DiFrancesco D, Noble SJ (July 1979). "How does adrenaline accelerate the heart?". Nature. 280 (5719): 235–236. Bibcode:1979Natur.280..235B. doi:10.1038/280235a0. PMID 450140. S2CID 4350616.

[7] Bell DR (2009). Medical physiology: principles for clinical medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-7817-6852-8.

[Khurana_2008-8] 1 2 Khurana I (2008). Essentials of Medical Physiology. Elsevier India. p. 460. ISBN 978-81-312-1566-1.

[9] Buckley E (2013). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Vertebrates. Elsevier. p. 478. ISBN 978-1-4832-6288-8.

[10] Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1997. p. 510. ISBN 978-1-107-26850-0.

[11] Phan MG, Phan TS, Matsunami K, Otsuka H (April 2006). "Chemical and biological evaluation on scopadulane-type diterpenoids from Scoparia dulcis of Vietnamese origin". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 54 (4): 546–549. doi:10.1248/cpb.54.546. PMID 16595962.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]