Female genital mutilation

female genital mutilation

ritual, violence against women

Subclass of	genital modification, female genital trauma, injury, harmful cultural practice
Facet give	bodily integrity, women's health
Short name	FGM, MGF, MGF, MGF, КОЖПО
Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator	Target 5.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals

Female genital mutilation (FGM) (dem sanso know as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) den female circumcision) be de cutting anaa removal of sam anaa all of de vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence dey vary worldwide, buh e be significantly present insyd sam countries of Africa, Asia den Middle East, den within dema diasporas. As of 2024, UNICEF dey estimate say worldwide na 230 million girlies den women (144 million insyd Africa, 80 million insyd Asia, 6 million insyd Middle East, den 1-2 million insyd oda parts of de world) be subjected to one anaa more types of FGM.

Dem typically carry out by a traditional cutter dey use a blade, dem dey conduct FGM from days after birth to puberty den beyond. Insyd half of de countries for wich national statistics be available, dem dey cut chaw girlies before de age of five. Procedures dey differ according to de country anaa ethnic group. Dem dey include removal of de clitoral hood (type 1-a) den clitoral glans (1-b); removal of de inner labia (2-a); den removal of de inner den outer labia den closure of de vulva (type 3). Insyd dis last procedure, dem know as infibulation, dem dey lef a small hole for de passage of urine den menstrual fluid, dem dey gbele de vagina for intercourse wey dem open further am for childbirth. FGM be commonly performed widout any form of anesthesia anaa analgesia den plus non-medical equipment such as razor blades.

De practice be rooted insyd gender inequality, dey attempt to control female sexuality, religious beliefs den ideas about purity, modesty, den beauty. E be usually initiated den carried out by women, wey dey see am as a source of honour, wey dem dey fear say failing to get dema daughters den granddaughters cut go expose de girlies to social exclusion. Adverse health effects dey depend on de type of procedure; dem fi include recurrent infections, difficulty urinating den passing menstrual flow, chronic pain, de development of cysts, an inability to get preg, complications during childbirth, den fatal bleeding. Der be no known health benefits.

Na der be international efforts since de 1970s to persuade practitioners make dem abandon FGM, wey na e be outlawed anaa restricted insyd chaw of de countries insyd wich e dey occur, although na de laws often be poorly enforced. Since 2010, na de United Nations call upon healthcare providers make dem stop dey perform all forms of de procedure, wey dey include reinfibulation after childbirth den symbolic "nicking" of de clitoral hood. De opposition to de practice no be widout ein critics, particularly among anthropologists, wey dem raise questions about cultural relativism den de universality of human rights. According to de UNICEF, na international FGM rates rise significantly insyd recent years, from an estimated 200 million insyd 2016 to 230 million insyd 2024, plus progress towards ein abandonment stalling anaa reversing insyd chaw affected countries.

External links

• Film: Dishonour.ca