Fiqh
| Subclass of | sharia, religious law, case law  |
|---|---|
| Vocalized name | فِقْهٌ |
| Religion anaa worldview | Islam |
| Connects with | Usul al-fiqh |
| Practiced by | Islamic jurist |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://islam.stackexchange.com/tags/fiqh |
Fiqh ([fiːk];[1] Arabic: فِقْه [fiqh]) be de term give Islamic jurisprudence.[2] Fiqh often be described as de style of human understanding, research den practices of de sharia; wey be, human understanding of de divine Islamic law as dem reveal insyd de Quran as well as de sunnah (de teachings den practices of de Islamic prophet Muhammad den ein companions).[3] Fiqh dey expand den dey develop sharia thru interpretation (ijtihad) of de Quran den sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) wey be implemented by de rulings (fatwa) of jurists on questions dem present to dem. Thus, whereas sharia be considered immutable den infallible by Muslims, fiqh be considered fallible den changeable.
Fiqh dey deal plus de observance of rituals, morals den social legislation insyd Islam as well as economic den political system. Insyd de modern era, der be four prominent schools (madh'hab) of fiqh within Sunni practice, plus two (anaa three) within Shi'a practice. A person dem train insyd fiqh be known as a faqīh (pl. fuqaha).[4]
Figuratively, fiqh dey mean knowledge about Islamic legal rulings from dema sources. Deriving religious rulings from dema sources dey require de mujtahid (an individual wey dey exercise ijtihad) make dem get a deep understanding insyd de different discussions of jurisprudence.
De studies of fiqh traditionally be divided into uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence, lit. "de roots of fiqh"), de methods of legal interpretation den analysis, den furūʿ al-fiqh (lit. "de branches of fiqh"), de elaboration of rulings on de basis of dese principles.[5][6] Furūʿ al-fiqh be de product of de application of uṣūl al-fiqh den de total product of human efforts at understanding de divine will. A hukm (pl. aḥkām) be a particular ruling insyd a given case.
Etymology
[edit | edit source]De word fiqh be an Arabic term wey dey mean "deep understanding"[7]: 470 anaa "full comprehension". Technically e dey refer to de body of Islamic law dem extract from detailed Islamic sources (wich dem study insyd de principles of Islamic jurisprudence) den de process of gaining knowledge of Islam thru jurisprudence. De historian Ibn Khaldun dey describe fiqh as "knowledge of de rules of God wich dey concern de actions of persons wey own demaselves connected to obey de law wey dey respect wat be required (wajib), sinful (haraam), recommended (mandūb), disapproved (makrūh), anaa neutral (mubah)".[8] Dis definition be consistent amongst de jurists.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "fiqh". Collins English Dictionary.
- ↑ Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Vogel, Frank E. (2000). Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia. Brill. pp. 4–5. ISBN 9004110623.
- ↑ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira, 2001, p. 141
- ↑ Calder 2009.
- ↑ Schneider 2014.
- ↑ Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (26 March 2016). The Laws of Islam (PDF) (in English). Enlight Press. ISBN 978-0994240989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ↑ Levy (1957). p. 150.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Potz, Richard, Islamic Law and the Transfer of European Law, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011. (Retrieved 28 November 2011.)
- [Saeed, Abu Hayyan, Jurisprudence of Islam (December 3, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4651796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4651796]
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Types of Hanafi Legal Rulings (Ahkam)
- [Saeed, Abu Hayyan, Jurisprudence of Islam (December 3, 2023). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4651796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4651796]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
