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Gonorrhea

From Wikipedia
gonorrhea
infectious disease, class of disease
Has causeNeisseria gonorrhoeae Edit
Health specialtydermatology, urology, gynaecology Edit
Medical examinationoptical microscope, polymerase chain reaction, microbiological culture Edit
Disease transmission processsexually transmitted infection Edit
Described at URLhttp://bacsisaigon.net/benh-lau.html Edit
ICD-9-CM098 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC92950 Edit

Gonorrhea anaa gonorrhoea, dem colloquially know as the clap,[1] be a sexually transmitted infection (STI) wey be caused by de bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.[2] Infection fi involve de genitals, mouth, anaa rectum.[3]

Gonorrhea be spread thru sexual contact plus an infected person,[4] anaa from a mommie to a kiddie during birth.[4] Infected males fi experience pain anaa burning plus urination, discharge from de penis, anaa testicular pain.[4] Infected females fi experience burning plus urination, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, anaa pelvic pain.[4] Complications insyd females dey include pelvic inflammatory disease den insyd males dey include inflammation of de epididymis.[4] Chaw of those wey be infected, however, get no symptoms.[4] If untreated, gonorrhea fi spread to joints anaa heart valves.[4][5] Globally, gonorrhea dey affect about 0.8% of women den 0.6% of men.[6] An estimated 33 to 106 million new cases dey occur each year.[7][8] Insyd 2015, na e cause about 700 deaths.[9]

Diagnosis be by testing de urine, urethra insyd males, vagina anaa cervix insyd females. E fi be diagnosed by testing a sample dem collect from de throat anaa rectum of individuals wey na dem get oral anaa anal sex, respectively.[4] Testing all women wey be sexually active den less dan 25 years of age each year as well as those plus new sexual partners be recommended;[10] de same recommendation dey apply insyd men wey dey have sex plus men (MSM).[10]

Gonorrhea fi be prevented plus de use of condoms, having sex plus one person per wey be uninfected, den by not having sex.[4][10] Certain vaccines dem originally design to protect against infection wey be caused by related bacteria, meningococcus serotype B, na dem find dem to provide sam protection against gonorrhea.[11][12][13] Treatment usually be plus ceftriaxone by injection den azithromycin by mouth.[14][15] Na resistance develop to chaw previously antibiotics dem use den higher doses of ceftriaxone be occasionally required.[14][15]

References

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  1. ↑ "Clap". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  2. ↑ "Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection)". www.who.int (in English). Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  3. ↑ Delong L, Burkhart N (2017-11-27). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 787. ISBN 978-1-4963-5453-2.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Gonorrhea – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed Version)". CDC. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  5. ↑ Morgan, Mackenzie K.; Decker, Catherine F. (August 2016). "Gonorrhea". Disease-a-month: DM. 62 (8): 260–268. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.009. ISSN 1557-8194. PMID 27107780.
  6. ↑ Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, et al. (8 December 2015). "Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0143304. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043304N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143304. PMC 4672879. PMID 26646541.
  7. ↑ Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators) (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  8. ↑ Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization. 2012. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2013.
  9. ↑ Wang, Haidong; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  10. 1 2 3 Workowski KA, Bolan GA (June 2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289. PMID 26042815.
  11. ↑ Gottlieb SL, Johnston C (February 2017). "Future prospects for new vaccines against sexually transmitted infections". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 30 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000343. PMC 5325242. PMID 27922851.
  12. ↑ England, N. H. S. (2025-05-21). "NHS England » NHS and local government to roll out world-first vaccine programme to prevent gonorrhoea". www.england.nhs.uk (in American English). Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  13. ↑ "Gonorrhoea vaccine to be rolled out in England from August". www.bbc.com (in British English). 2025-05-21. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  14. 1 2 "Antibiotic-Resistant Gonorrhea Basic Information". CDC. 13 June 2016. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  15. 1 2 Unemo M (August 2015). "Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhoea - the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge". BMC Infectious Diseases. 15 364. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1029-2. PMC 4546108. PMID 26293005.
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