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Gout

From Wikipedia
Gout
Other namesPodagra
Video summary (script). Leading plus The Gout (James Gillray, 1799) dey depict de pain of de artist ein gout as a demon anaa dragon.[1][2]
SymptomsJoint pain, swelling, den redness[3]
Usual onsetOlder males, post-menopausal women
CausesUric acid
Risk factorsDiet high insyd meat anaa beer, dem be overweight
Differential diagnosisJoint infection, rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout, odas[4]
PreventionWeight loss, vitamin C, no dey suck alcohol, allopurinol
Treatmentnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), steroids, colchicine[5]
Frequency1–2% (developed world)

Gout (/ɡaʊt/ GOWT[6]) be a form of inflammatory arthritis wey be characterized by recurrent attacks of pain insyd a red, tender, hot, den swollen joint,[7][8] wey be caused by de deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid dem know as monosodium urate crystals.[9] Pain typically dey cam on rapidly, wey dey reach maximal intensity insyd less dan 12 hours.[10] De joint for de base of de big toe be affected (Podagra) insyd about half of cases.[11][12] E sanso fi result insyd tophi, kidney stones, anaa kidney damage.[13]

Gout be secof persistently elevated levels of uric acid (urate) insyd de blood (hyperuricemia).[7][10] Dis dey occur from a combination of diet, oda health problems, den genetic factors.[7][13] For high levels, uric acid dey crystallize wey de crystals dey deposit insyd joints, tendons, den surrounding tissues, wey dey result insyd an attack of gout.[13] Gout dey occur more commonly insyd those wey regularly dey suck beer anaa sugar-sweetened beverages; dem dey chop chow wey be high insyd purines such as liver, shellfish, anaa anchovies; anaa dem be overweight.[13][14] Diagnosis of gout fi be confirmed by de presence of crystals insyd de joint fluid anaa insyd a deposit outsyd de joint.[13] Blood uric acid levels fi be normal during an attack.[13]

Treatment plus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, anaa colchicine dey improve symptoms.[7][13][15] Once de acute attack subsides, levels of uric acid fi be lowered via lifestyle changes den insyd those plus frequent attacks, allopurinol anaa probenecid dey provide long-term prevention.[10] Taking vitamin C wey dem get a diet high insyd low-fat dairy products fi be preventive.[16][17]

References

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  1. ↑ Brookhiser, Richard (2008). Gentleman Revolutionary: Gouverneur Morris, the Rake Who Wrote the Constitution. Simon and Schuster. p. 212. ISBN 9781439104088. Archived from the original on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  2. ↑ Haslam, Fiona (1996). From Hogarth to Rowlandson : medicine in art in eighteenth-century Britain (1. publ. ed.). Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 143. ISBN 9780853236405. Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  3. ↑ Dalbeth, N; Merriman, TR; Stamp, LK (April 2016). "Gout". Lancet (Review). 388 (10055): 2039–52. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00346-9. PMID 27112094.
  4. ↑ Neogi, T (July 2016). "Gout". Annals of Internal Medicine (Review). 165 (1): ITC1-16. doi:10.7326/AITC201607050. PMID 27380294.
  5. ↑ Qaseem, A; Harris, RP; Forciea, MA; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of, Physicians. (3 January 2017). "Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 166 (1): 58–68. doi:10.7326/m16-0570. PMID 27802508.
  6. ↑ "Gout | Definition of Gout by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English (in English). Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Hui, M; Carr, A; Cameron, S; Davenport, G; Doherty, M; Forrester, H; Jenkins, W; Jordan, KM; Mallen, CD; McDonald, TM; Nuki, G; Pywell, A; Zhang, W; Roddy, E (26 May 2017). "The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout". Rheumatology. 56 (7): e1–e20. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex156. PMID 28549177.
  8. ↑ Dalbeth, N; Merriman, TR; Stamp, LK (April 2016). "Gout". Lancet (Review). 388 (10055): 2039–2052. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00346-9. PMID 27112094. S2CID 208790780.
  9. ↑ Abhishek, A; Roddy, E; Doherty, M (February 2017). "Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians". Clinical Medicine. 17 (1): 54–59. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-54. PMC 6297580. PMID 28148582.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Richette P, Bardin T (January 2010). "Gout". Lancet. 375 (9711): 318–328. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60883-7. PMID 19692116. S2CID 208793280.
  11. ↑ Schlesinger N (March 2010). "Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians". Postgrad Med. 122 (2): 157–161. doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2133. PMID 20203467. S2CID 35321485.
  12. ↑ "Definition of Podagra". www.merriam-webster.com (in English). Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Dalbeth, N; Merriman, TR; Stamp, LK (April 2016). "Gout". Lancet (Review). 388 (10055): 2039–2052. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00346-9. PMID 27112094. S2CID 208790780.
  14. ↑ Beyl, R. N. Jr.; Hughes, L; Morgan, S (2016). "Update on Importance of Diet in Gout". The American Journal of Medicine. 129 (11): 1153–1158. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.06.040. PMID 27452679.
  15. ↑ Shekelle, P. G; Newberry, S. J; Fitzgerald, J. D; Motala, A; O'Hanlon, C. E; Tariq, A; Okunogbe, A; Han, D; Shanman, R (2017). "Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline". Annals of Internal Medicine. 166 (1): 37–51. doi:10.7326/M16-0461. PMID 27802478.
  16. ↑ "Questions and Answers about Gout". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  17. ↑ Roddy, E; Choi, HK (May 2014). "Epidemiology of gout". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 40 (2): 155–175. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.001. PMC 4119792. PMID 24703341.
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Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to Gout.
  • Chisholm H, ed. (1911). "Gout" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–291.
  • "Gout". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gout&oldid=57989"