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Guillain–Barré syndrome

From Wikipedia
Guillain–Barré syndrome
rare disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofautoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system, immune disorder, rare neuroinflammatory disease, acute and subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, disease Edit
Dem name afterGeorges Guillain, Jean Alexandre Barré Edit
Health specialtyneurology Edit
Symptoms and signsascending paralysis Edit
Anatomical locationperipheral nervous system Edit
Genetic associationPMP22 Edit
ICPC 2 IDN94 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC116345 Edit

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) be a rapid-onset muscle weakness wey be caused by de immune system wey dey damage de peripheral nervous system.[1] Typically, both sides of de body be involved, den de initial symptoms be changes in sensation anaa pain often insyd de back along plus muscle weakness, wey dey begin insyd de feet den hands, often dey spread to de arms den upper body.[1] De symptoms fi develop over hours to a few weeks.[1] During de acute phase, de disorder fi be life-threatening, plus about 15% of people dey develop respiratory muscle weakness wey dey require mechanical ventilation.[2] Sam be affected by changes insyd de function of de autonomic nervous system, wich fi lead to dangerous abnormalities in heart rate den blood pressure.[1]

Although de cause be unknown, de underlying mechanism dey involve an autoimmune disorder insyd wich de body ein immune system mistakenly dey attack de peripheral nerves den dey damage dema myelin insulation.[1] Sam time dis immune dysfunction be triggered by an infection anaa, less commonly, by surgery, den by vaccination.[1][2] De diagnosis be usually based on de signs den symptoms thru de exclusion of alternative causes wey be supported by tests such as nerve conduction studies den examination of de cerebrospinal fluid.[1] Der be chaw subtypes based on de areas of weakness, results of nerve conduction studies, den de presence of certain antibodies.[3] Dem classify am as an acute polyneuropathy.[2]

Insyd those plus severe weakness, prompt treatment plus intravenous immunoglobulins anaa plasmapheresis, togeda plus supportive care, dey lead to good recovery insyd de majority of cases.[1] Recovery fi take weeks to years, plus about a third dey get sam permanent weakness.[1] Globally, death dey occur in approximately 7.5% of patients.[2] Guillain–Barré syndrome be rare, at 1 anaa 2 cases per 100,000 people every year.[1][4]

Na dem name de syndrome after de French neurologists Georges Guillain den Jean Alexandre Barré, wey, togeda plus French physician André Strohl, describe de condition insyd 1916.[5][6]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Guillain–Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet". NIAMS. June 1, 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ferri FF (2016). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1 (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 529. ISBN 978-0-323-44838-3. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
  3. ↑ van den Berg B, Walgaard C, Drenthen J, Fokke C, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA (August 2014). "Guillain-Barré syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis". Nature Reviews. Neurology. 10 (8): 469–82. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.121. PMID 25023340. S2CID 25154778.
  4. ↑ Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW (2011). "Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Neuroepidemiology. 36 (2): 123–33. doi:10.1159/000324710. PMC 5703046. PMID 21422765.
  5. ↑ van Doorn PA, Ruts L, Jacobs BC (October 2008). "Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome". The Lancet. Neurology. 7 (10): 939–50. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70215-1. PMID 18848313. S2CID 9307245.
  6. ↑ Eldar AH, Chapman J (April 2014). "Guillain Barré syndrome and other immune mediated neuropathies: diagnosis and classification". Autoimmunity Reviews. 13 (4–5): 525–30. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.033. PMID 24434363.
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