Gunshot wound
| Subclass of | major trauma, penetrating trauma  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | gunshot |
| Health specialty | emergency medicine |
A gunshot wound (GSW) be a penetrating injury wey a projectile cause (e.g., a bullet) dem shoot from a gun.[1][2] Damage fi include bleeding, bone fractures, organ damage, wound infection, den loss of de ability to move part of de body.[3] Damage dey depend on de part of de body hit, de path de bullet dey follow thru (anaa into) de body, den de type den speed of de bullet.[2] Insyd severe cases, although no be uncommon, de injury be fatal. Long-term complications fi include bowel obstruction, failure to thrive, neurogenic bladder den paralysis, recurrent cardiorespiratory distress den pneumothorax, hypoxic brain injury wey dey lead to early dementia, amputations, chronic pain den pain plus light touch (hyperalgesia), deep venous thrombosis plus pulmonary embolus, limb swelling den debility, den lead poisoning.[3][4]
Factors wey determine rates of gun violence dey vary by country.[5] Dese factors fi include de illegal drug trade, easy access to firearms, substance misuse wey dey include alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, social attitudes, economic differences, den occupations such as being a police officer.[5][6] Wer guns be more common, altercations more often dey end in death;[7] however, firearm laws, particularly background checks den permit to purchase, fi decrease dis risk.[8] Safer firearm storage fi decrease de risk of firearm-related deaths insyd kiddies.[9]
Before management begin, de area for be verified as safe.[10] Dis be followed by stopping major bleeding, then assessing den supporting de airway, breathing, den circulation.[10]
Insyd 2015, about a million gunshot wounds occur from interpersonal violence.[11] Insyd 2016, firearms result in 251,000 deaths globally, up from 209,000 insyd 1990.[12] Of dese deaths, 161,000 (64%) be de result of assault, 67,500 (27%) be de result of suicide, den 23,000 (9%) be accidents.[12] Insyd de United States, guns result in about 40,000 deaths insyd 2017.[13] Firearm-related deaths be most common insyd males between de ages of 20 den 24 years.[12] Dem estimate economic costs secof gunshot wounds at $140 billion a year insyd de United States.[14]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Gunshot wound definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com (in English). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
- 1 2 "Gunshot Injuries; Gunshot wounds (GSW) information". patient.info (in English). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
- 1 2 "Gunshot wounds - aftercare: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov (in English). Retrieved 13 July 2019.
- ↑ "Gun Shot Wounds - Trauma - Orthobullets". www.orthobullets.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
- 1 2 Naghavi, Mohsen; Marczak, Laurie; et al. (28 August 2018). "Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016". JAMA. 320 (8). Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators.: 792–814. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060. PMC 6143020. PMID 30167700.
- ↑ Branas, CC; Han, S; Wiebe, DJ (2016). "Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv010. PMC 4762248. PMID 26811427.
- ↑ Cukier, W; Eagen, SA (February 2018). "Gun violence". Current Opinion in Psychology. 19: 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008. PMID 29279206. S2CID 20214015.
- ↑ Lee, LK; Fleegler, EW; Farrell, C; Avakame, E; Srinivasan, S; Hemenway, D; Monuteaux, MC (1 January 2017). "Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (1): 106–119. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7051. PMID 27842178. S2CID 205119294.
- ↑ Santaella-Tenorio, J; Cerdá, M; Villaveces, A; Galea, S (2016). "What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 140–57. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv012. PMC 6283012. PMID 26905895.
- 1 2 Breeze, John; Penn-Barwell, Jowan G.; Keene, Damian; O'Reilly, David; Jeyanathan, Jeyasankar; Mahoney, Peter F. (2017). Ballistic Trauma: A Practical Guide (in English) (4 ed.). Springer. p. 75. ISBN 9783319613642.
- ↑ "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet (London, England). 388 (10053): 1545–1602. 2016-10-08. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. ISSN 1474-547X. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
- 1 2 3 Naghavi, Mohsen; Marczak, Laurie; et al. (28 August 2018). "Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016". JAMA. 320 (8). Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators.: 792–814. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10060. PMC 6143020. PMID 30167700.
- ↑ McLean, Robert M.; Harris, Patrice; Cullen, John; Maier, Ronald V.; Yasuda, Kyle E.; Schwartz, Bruce J.; Benjamin, Georges C. (7 August 2019). "Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations". Annals of Internal Medicine. 171 (8): 573–577. doi:10.7326/M19-2441. PMID 31390463.
- ↑ Rhee, PM; Moore, EE; Joseph, B; Tang, A; Pandit, V; Vercruysse, G (June 2016). "Gunshot wounds: A review of ballistics, bullets, weapons, and myths". The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 80 (6): 853–67. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001037. PMID 26982703.
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