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Hallucination

From Wikipedia
hallucination
signs den symptoms
Subclass ofpsychopathological symptom, disruption, perceptual distortion, general symptom Edit
Part offantasy Edit
Health specialtypsychiatry, medical psychology, psychotherapy Edit
Does not have characteristiccontrol Edit

A hallucination be a perception insyd de absence of an external context stimulus wey get de compelling sense of reality.[1] Dem be distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (REM sleep), wich no dey involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, wich no dey mimic real perception, wey be accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, wich dey involve distorted anaa dem misinterprete real perception; den mental imagery, wich no dey mimic real perception, wey be under voluntary control.[2] Hallucinations sanso differ from "delusional perceptions", insyd wich a correctly sensed den interpreted stimulus (i.e., a real perception) be given sam additional significance.[3]

Hallucinations fi occur insyd any sensory modality—visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, proprioceptive, equilibrioceptive, nociceptive, thermoceptive den chronoceptive. Hallucinations be referred to as multimodal if multiple sensory modalities occur.[4][5]

A mild form of hallucination be known as a disturbance, wey fi occur insyd chaw of de senses above. Dese fi be things like seeing movement insyd peripheral vision, anaa hearing faint noises anaa voices. Auditory hallucinations be very common insyd schizophrenia. Dem fi be benevolent (telling de subject good things about demaselves) anaa malicious (cursing de subject). 55% of auditory hallucinations be malicious in content,[6] for example, people wey dey talk about de subject, no dey speak to dem directly. Like auditory hallucinations, de source of de visual counterpart sanso fi be behind de subject. Dis fi produce a feeling of being looked anaa stared at, usually plus malicious intent.[7][8] Frequently, auditory hallucinations den dema visual counterpart be experienced by de subject togeda.[9]

Hypnagogic hallucinations den hypnopompic hallucinations be considered normal phenomena. Hypnagogic hallucinations fi occur as one wey dey fall asleep den hypnopompic hallucinations dey occur wen one dey wake up. Hallucinations fi be associated plus drug use (particularly deliriants), sleep deprivation, psychosis (wey dey include stress-related psychosis[10]), neurological disorders, den delirium tremens. Chaw hallucinations sanso dey happen during sleep paralysis.[11]

Na de word "hallucination" einself be introduced into de English language by de 17th-century physician Sir Thomas Browne insyd 1646 from de derivation of de Latin word alucinari wey dey mean to wander insyd de mind. For Browne, hallucination dey mean a sort of vision wey be "depraved den dey receive[s] ein objects erroneously".[12]

References

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  1. ↑ El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L. (2010). "Hallucinations, Psuedohallucinations, and Parahallucinations". Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 73 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34. PMID 20235616. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  2. ↑ Chiu LP (1989). "Differential diagnosis and management of hallucinations" (PDF). Journal of the Hong Kong Medical Association. t 41 (3): 292–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2014-05-29.
  3. ↑ Adámek, Petr; Langová, Veronika; Horáček, Jiří (2022-03-21). "Early-stage visual perception impairment in schizophrenia, bottom-up and back again". Schizophrenia (in English). 8 (1): 27. doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00237-9. ISSN 2754-6993. PMC 8938488. PMID 35314712.
  4. ↑ Montagnese M, Leptourgos P, Fernyhough C, Waters F, Larøi F, Jardri R, McCarthy-Jones S, Thomas N, Dudley R, Taylor JP, Collerton D, Urwyler P (January 2021). "A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 47 (1): 237–248. doi:10.31219/osf.io/zebxv. PMC 7825001. PMID 32772114. S2CID 243338891.
  5. ↑ Dudley R, Aynsworth C, Cheetham R, McCarthy-Jones S, Collerton D (November 2018). "Prevalence and characteristics of multi-modal hallucinations in people with psychosis who experience visual hallucinations". Psychiatry Research. 269: 25–30. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.032. PMID 30145297. S2CID 52092886.
  6. ↑ Waters F (30 December 2014). "Auditory Hallucinations in Adult Populations". Psychiatric Times. Vol 31 No 12. 31 (12). Archived from the original on 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
  7. ↑ "The Sense of Being Stared At -- Part 1: Is it Real or Illusory?".
  8. ↑ "Auditory Hallucinations". clevelandclinic.org.
  9. ↑ Waters F, Collerton D, Ffytche DH, Jardri R, Pins D, Dudley R, Blom JD, Mosimann UP, Eperjesi F, Ford S, Larøi F (July 2014). "Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40 (4): S233 – S245. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu036. PMC 4141306. PMID 24936084.
  10. ↑ Prateek Varshney, Santosh Kumar Chaturvedi: Stress related and stress induced psychosis
  11. ↑ Jalal B (November 2018). "The neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations: serotonin 2A activation and a novel therapeutic drug". Psychopharmacology. 235 (11): 3083–3091. doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1. PMC 6208952. PMID 30288594.
  12. ↑ Browne T (1646). "XVIII: That Moles are blinde and have no eyes". Pseudodoxia Epidemica. Vol. III.

Read further

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  • Johnson FH (1978). The Anatomy of Hallucinations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. ISBN 0-88229-155-6.
  • Slade PD, Bentall RP (1988). Sensory Deception: A Scientific Analysis of Hallucination. London Sydney: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-7099-3961-2.
  • Aleman A, Larøi F (2008). Hallucinations: The Science of Idiosyncratic Perception. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN 978-1-4338-0311-6.
  • Sacks OW (2012). Hallucinations (1. American ed.). New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-95724-5.
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