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Hand, foot, and mouth disease

From Wikipedia
hand, foot and mouth disease
infectious disease, class of disease
Subclass ofviral infectious disease, coxsackievirus infectious disease, skin infection, disease Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Symptoms and signsrash Edit
ICD-9-CM074.3 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC128439 Edit

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) be a common infection wey be caused by a group of enteroviruses.[1] E typically dey begin plus a fever den feeling generally unwell.[1] Dis be followed a day anaa two later by flat discolored spots anaa bumps wey fi blister, on de hands, feet den mouth den occasionally buttocks den groin.[2][3][4] Signs den symptoms fi normally appear 3–6 days after exposure to de virus.[5] De rash generally dey resolve on ein own insyd about a week.[6]

De viruses wey dey cause HFMD be spread thru close personal contact, thru de air from coughing, den via de feces of an infected person.[7] Contaminated objects sanso fi spread de disease.[7] Coxsackievirus A16 be de most common cause, den enterovirus 71 be de second-most common cause.[8] Oda strains of coxsackievirus den enterovirus sanso fi be responsible.[8][9] Sam people fi carry den pass on de virus despite dem get no symptoms of disease.[1] No animals be involved insyd transmission.[7] Dem often fi make diagnosis fi base on symptoms.[10] Occasionally, a throat anaa stool sample fi be tested for de virus.[10]

Chaw people plus hand, foot, den mouth disease get better on dema own insyd 7 to 10 days.[7] Chaw cases dey require no specific treatment.[6] No antiviral medication anaa vaccine be available, buh development efforts be underway.[11][12] For fever den for painful mouth sores, dem fi use over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen, though make dem avoid aspirin insyd kiddies.[13] De illness usually no be serious. Occasionally, dem dey give intravenous fluids to kiddies wey be dehydrated.[14] Very rarely, viral meningitis anaa encephalitis fi complicate de disease.[15]

HFMD dey occur insyd all areas of de world.[16] It often dey occur insyd small outbreaks insyd nursery schools anaa kindergartens.[2] Na large outbreaks dey occur insyd Asia since 1997.[16] E usually dey occur during de spring, summer, den fall months.[16] Typically e dey occur insyd kiddies less dan five years old buh occasionally fi occur insyd adults.[1][2] Make dem no conf HFMD plus foot-and-mouth disease (dem sanso know as hoof-and-mouth disease), wich mostly dey affect livestock.[17]

Signs den symptoms

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 "Hand Foot and Mouth Disease". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Kaminska, K; Martinetti, G; Lucchini, R; Kaya, G; Mainetti, C (2013). "Coxsackievirus A6 and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Three Case Reports of Familial Child-to-Immunocompetent Adult Transmission and a Literature Review". Case Reports in Dermatology. 5 (2): 203–209. doi:10.1159/000354533. PMC 3764954. PMID 24019771.
  3. ↑ Ooi, MH; Wong, SC; Lewthwaite, P; Cardosa, MJ; Solomon, T (2010). "Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71" (PDF). Lancet Neurology. 9 (11): 1097–1105. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X. PMID 20965438. S2CID 17505751.
  4. ↑ Frydenberg, A; Starr, M (August 2003). "Hand, foot and mouth disease". Australian Family Physician. 32 (8): 594–5. PMID 12973865.
  5. ↑ Hoy, NY; Leung, AK; Metelitsa, AI; Adams, S (2012). "New concepts in median nail dystrophy, onychomycosis, and hand, foot and mouth disease nail pathology". ISRN Dermatology. 2012 (680163) 680163. doi:10.5402/2012/680163. PMC 3302018. PMID 22462009.
  6. 1 2 Longo, Dan L. (2012). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Causes & Transmission". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  8. 1 2 Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF (September 2014). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med. 81 (9): 537–43. doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132. PMID 25183845.
  9. ↑ Li, Y; Zhu, R; Qian, Y; Deng, J (2012). "The characteristics of blood glucose and WBC counts in peripheral blood of cases of hand foot and mouth disease in China: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 7 (1) e29003. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729003L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029003. PMC 3250408. PMID 22235257.
  10. 1 2 "Diagnosis". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  11. ↑ Pourianfar HR, Grollo L (February 2014). "Development of antiviral agents toward enterovirus 71 infection". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 48 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2013.11.011. PMID 24560700.
  12. ↑ Fang, Chih-Yeu; Liu, Chia-Chyi (2018). "Recent development of enterovirus A vaccine candidates for the prevention of hand, foot, and mouth disease". Expert Review of Vaccines. 17 (9): 819–831. doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1510326. ISSN 1744-8395. PMID 30095317. S2CID 51952220.
  13. ↑ "Treat Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease". CDC. February 2, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  14. ↑ "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease – Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in English). Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  15. ↑ "HFMD Symptoms and Complications". CDC. May 7, 2024. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
  16. 1 2 3 "Outbreaks". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Foot and Mouth Disease update: further temporary control zone established in Surrey". Defra. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
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