Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

type of disease

Subclass of	Hantavirus infectious disease, lung disease
Health specialty	pulmonology
Medical examination	physical examination, complete blood count, ELISA, polymerase chain reaction
Possible treatment	detoxification, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, artificial respiration
Disease transmission process	airborne transmission
Anatomical location	human lung, blood vessel
ICD-9-CM	480.8

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), dem sanso call hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), be a severe respiratory disease wey be caused by hantaviruses. De main features of illness be microvascular leakage den acute respiratory distress syndrome. Symptoms dey occur anywer from one to eight weeks after exposure to de virus wey e dey cam in three distinct phases. First, der be an early phase plus flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, headache, den shortness of breath, as well as low platelet count. Second, der be a cardiopulmonary phase during wich people experience elevated anaa irregular heart rate, cardiogenic shock, den pulmonary capillary leakage, wich fi lead to respiratory failure, low blood pressure, den buildup of fluid insyd de lungs den chest cavity. De final phase be recovery, wich typically dey take months, buh difficulties plus breathing fi persist for up to two years. De disease get a case fatality rate of 30 to 60 percent. Death usually dey occur suddenly during de cardiopulmonary phase.

HPS be caused mainly by infection plus New World hantaviruses insyd de Americas. Insyd North America, Sin Nombre virus be de most common cause of HPS wey e be transmitted by de western deer mouse (Peromyscus sonoriensis). Insyd South America, Andes virus be de most common cause of HPS wey e be transmitted mainly by de long-tailed pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus). Insyd dema rodent hosts, dese hantaviruses cause a persistent, asymptomatic infection. Transmission dey occur mainly thru inhalation of aerosols wey dey contain rodent saliva, urine, anaa feces, buh sanso fi occur thru contaminated food, bites, den scratches. Vascular endothelial cells den macrophages be de primary cells wey be infected by hantaviruses, wey infection dey cause abnormalities plus blood clotting, all of wich dey result in fluid leakage responsible for de more severe symptoms. Recovery from infection likely dey confer lifelong protection.

De main way to prevent infection be to avoid anaa minimize contact plus rodents wey dey carry hantaviruses. Removing sources of chow give rodents, safely cleaning up after dem, den preventing dem from entering one ein house all be important means of protection. People wey be at risk of interacting plus infected rodents fi wear masks to protect demaselves. No vaccines dey exist wey dey protect against HPS. Dem fi make initial diagnosis of infection based on epidemiological information den symptoms. Dem fi do confirmation of infection by testing for hantavirus nucleic acid, proteins, anaa hantavirus-specific antibodies. Supportive treatment always be performed give HPS den dey entail continual cardiac monitoring den respiratory support, wey dey include mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), den hemofiltration. No specific antiviral drugs dey exist give hantavirus infection.

Insyd North America, dozens of HPS cases dey occur each year, while insyd South America, more dan 100 cases dey occur every year. Isolated cases den small outbreaks occur insyd Europe den Turkey. De distribution of viruses wey dey cause HPS directly be tied to de distribution of dema natural reservoir. Transmission sanso be greatly influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, den humidity, wich dey affect de rodent population den virus transmissibility. De discovery of HPS cam insyd 1993 during an outbreak insyd de Four Corners region of de United States, wich na be indirectly caused by de El Niño climate pattern. Dem find Sin Nombre virus to be responsible for de outbreak, den since then, numerous oda hantaviruses wey dey cause HPS be identified thru out de Americas.

Notable cases

Insyd February 2025, Betsy Arakawa, de wifey of actor Gene Hackman, die from de illness.

External links

• Hantavirus Technical Information Index page, US Center for Disease Control
• ViralZone: Orthohantavirus