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Hashimoto's thyroiditis

From Wikipedia
chronic thyroiditis
Autoimmune disease
Subclass ofautoimmune thyroiditis Edit
Dem name afterHakaru Hashimoto Edit
Health specialtyendocrinology Edit
Symptoms and signsanti-thyroid autoantibodies Edit
Described at URLhttps://baike.sogou.com/v6552645.htm Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC27191 Edit

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, dem sanso know as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's disease den autoimmune thyroiditis, be an autoimmune disease insyd wich de thyroid gland be gradually destroyed.[1][2]

Early on, symptoms no fi be noticed.[3] Over time, de thyroid fi enlarge, wey dey form a painless goiter.[3] Chaw people eventually dey develop hypothyroidism plus accompanying weight gain, fatigue, constipation, hair loss, den general pains.[2] After chaw years, de thyroid typically dey shrink in size.[2] Potential complications dey include thyroid lymphoma.[4] Further complications of hypothyroidism fi include high cholesterol, heart disease, heart failure, high blood pressure, myxedema, den potential problems insyd pregnancy.[2]

Hashimoto's thyroiditis be thought e be secof a combination of genetic den environmental factors.[5][6] Risk factors dey include a family history of de condition den having anoda autoimmune disease.[3] Diagnosis be confirmed plus blood tests for TSH, thyroxine (T4), antithyroid autoantibodies, den ultrasound.[3] Oda conditions wey fi produce similar symptoms dey include Graves' disease den nontoxic nodular goiter.[7]

Hashimoto's typically no be treated unless der be hypothyroidism anaa de presence of a goiter, wen e fi be treated plus levothyroxine.[3][7] Those affected for avoid eating large amounts of iodine; however, sufficient iodine be required especially during pregnancy.[3] Surgery rarely be required to treat de goiter.[7]

Hashimoto's thyroiditis get a global prevalence of 7.5%, den dey vary greatly by region.[8] De highest rate be insyd Africa, den de lowest be insyd Asia.[8] Insyd de US, white people be affected more often dan black people. E be more common insyd low to middle-income groups. Females be more susceptible, plus a 17.5% rate of prevalence dem compare to 6% insyd males.[8] E be de most common cause of hypothyroidism insyd developed countries.[9] E typically dey begin between de ages of 30 den 50.[3][10] Na rates of de disease increase.[8] Na e be first described by de Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto insyd 1912.[11] Na studies insyd 1956 discover say na e be an autoimmune disorder.[12]

References

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  1. ↑ "Autoimmune thyroiditis". Autoimmune Registry Inc. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Hashimoto's Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Hashimoto's Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  4. ↑ Noureldine SI, Tufano RP (January 2015). "Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer". Current Opinion in Oncology. 27 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000150. PMID 25390557. S2CID 32109200.
  5. ↑ Ramos-Levi AM, Marazuela M (2023). "Thyroiditis". DeGroot's Endocrinology, Basic Science and Clinical Practice (in English) (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 1214–1233. ISBN 978-0-323694124.
  6. ↑ Winther KH, Rayman MP, Bonnema SJ, Hegedüs L (March 2020). "Selenium in thyroid disorders - essential knowledge for clinicians". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 16 (3): 165–176. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0311-6. PMID 32001830.
  7. 1 2 3 Akamizu T, Amino N, Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Hofland J, Kaltsas G, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, Morley JE, New M, Purnell J, Singer F, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP (2000). "Hashimoto's Thyroiditis". In Akamizu T, Amino N (eds.). Endotext. MDText. PMID 25905412. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Hu X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Tian R, Sheng Y, Que H (2022). "Global prevalence and epidemiological trends of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Frontiers in Public Health. 10 1020709. Bibcode:2022FrPH...1020709H. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020709. PMC 9608544. PMID 36311599.
  9. ↑ Mincer DL, Jialal I (2022). "Hashimoto Thyroiditis". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29083758. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
  10. ↑ Hiromatsu Y, Satoh H, Amino N (January 2013). "Hashimoto's thyroiditis: history and future outlook". Hormones. 12 (1): 12–18. doi:10.1007/BF03401282. PMID 23624127. S2CID 38996783.
  11. ↑ Shoenfeld Y, Cervera R, Gershwin ME, eds. (2010). Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-60327-285-8.
  12. ↑ Ralli M, Angeletti D, Fiore M, D'Aguanno V, Lambiase A, Artico M, de Vincentiis M, Greco A (October 2020). "Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation". Autoimmunity Reviews. 19 (10) 102649. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102649. PMID 32805423.
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