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Helicobacter pylori

From Wikipedia
Helicobacter pylori
taxon
Short nameH. pylori Edit
Taxon nameHelicobacter pylori Edit
Taxon rankspecies Edit
Parent taxonHelicobacter Edit
Taxon synonymCampylobacter pylori, Helicobacter nemestrinae Edit
Has effectHelicobacter pylori infectious disease Edit
Gram staininggram-negative bacteria Edit
LPSN URLhttps://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/helicobacter-pylori Edit

Helicobacter pylori, dem previously know as Campylobacter pylori, be a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium. Mutants fi get a rod anaa curved rod shape wey dey exhibit less virulence.[1][2] Na dem think ein helical body (from wich de genus name Helicobacter dey derive) e evolve to penetrate de mucous lining of de stomach, wey ein flagella help, den thereby establish infection.[2][3] While na chaw earlier reports of an association between bacteria den de ulcers exist, such as de works of John Lykoudis,[4][5][6][7] na e be insyd 1983 per wen na dem formally describe de bacterium for de first time insyd de English-language Western literature as de causal agent of gastric ulcers by Australian physician-scientists Barry Marshall den Robin Warren.[8][9] Insyd 2005, na dem award de pair de Nobel Prize insyd Physiology anaa Medicine for dema discovery.[10]

Infection of de stomach plus H. pylori no dey necessarily cause illness: over half of de global population be infected, buh chaw individuals be asymptomatic.[11][12] Persistent colonization plus more virulent strains fi induce a number of gastric den non-gastric disorders.[13] Gastric disorders secof infection dey begin plus gastritis, anaa inflammation of de stomach lining.[14] Wen infection be persistent, de prolonged inflammation go cam be chronic gastritis. Initially, dis go be non-atrophic gastritis, buh de damage cause to de stomach lining fi bring about de development of atrophic gastritis den ulcers within de stomach einself anaa de duodenum (de nearest part of de intestine).[14] At dis stage, de risk of developing gastric cancer be high.[15] However, de development of a duodenal ulcer dey confer a comparatively lower risk of cancer.[16] Helicobacter pylori be class 1 carcinogenic bacteria, den potential cancers dey include gastric MALT lymphoma den gastric cancer.[14][15] Infection plus H. pylori be responsible for an estimated 89% of all gastric cancers wey be linked to de development of 5.5% of all cases cancers worldwide.[17][18] H. pylori be de bacterium per dem know to cause cancer.[19]

Extragastric complications wey be linked to H. pylori dey include anemia secof either iron deficiency anaa vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular illness, den certain neurological disorders.[20] An inverse association sanso been claimed plus H. pylori get a positive protective effect against asthma, esophageal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (wey dey include gastroesophageal reflux disease den Crohn's disease), den odas.[20]

Some studies dey suggest say H. pylori dey play an important role insyd de natural stomach ecology by e dey influence de type of bacteria wey colonize de gastrointestinal tract.[21][22] Oda studies dey suggest say non-pathogenic strains of H. pylori fi beneficially normalize stomach acid secretion, den regulate appetite.[23]

Insyd 2023, na dem estimate say about two-thirds of de world ein population be infected plus H. pylori, e be more common insyd developing countries.[24] Na de prevalence decline insyd chaw countries secof eradication treatments plus antibiotics den proton-pump inhibitors, den plus increased standards of living.[25][26]

References

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  1. ↑ Martínez LE, O'Brien VP, Leverich CK, Knoblaugh SE, Salama NR (July 2019). "Nonhelical Helicobacter pylori Mutants Show Altered Gland Colonization and Elicit Less Gastric Pathology than Helical Bacteria during Chronic Infection". Infect Immun. 87 (7) e00904-18. doi:10.1128/IAI.00904-18. PMC 6589060. PMID 31061142.
  2. 1 2 Salama NR (April 2020). "Cell morphology as a virulence determinant: lessons from Helicobacter pylori". Curr Opin Microbiol. 54: 11–17. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.12.002. PMC 7247928. PMID 32014717.
  3. ↑ Rust M, Schweinitzer T, Josenhans C (2008). "Helicobacter Flagella, Motility and Chemotaxis". In Yamaoka, Y. (ed.). Helicobacter pylori: Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-31-8. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2008.
  4. ↑ Kidd, Mark; Modlin, Irvin M. (1998). "A Century of Helicobacter pylori". Digestion. 59 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1159/000007461. ISSN 0012-2823. PMID 9468093.
  5. ↑ Rigas, Basil; Feretis, Chris; Papavassiliou, Efstathios D (November 1999). "John Lykoudis: an unappreciated discoverer of the cause and treatment of peptic ulcer disease". The Lancet. 354 (9190): 1634–1635. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06034-1. PMID 10560691.
  6. ↑ Baird, A. Gordon (August 2016). "Is general practice in the wrong PLACE?". The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 66 (649): 424. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X686329. ISSN 1478-5242. PMC 4979950. PMID 27481970.
  7. ↑ Marshall, Barry J., ed. (2002). Helicobacter pioneers: firsthand accounts from the scientists who discovered helicobacters, 1892 - 1982 (1. print ed.). Carlton, South Victoria: Blackwell Science Asia. ISBN 978-0-86793-035-1.
  8. ↑ Warren JR, Marshall B (June 1983). "Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis". Lancet. 1 (8336): 1273–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92719-8. PMID 6134060. S2CID 1641856.
  9. ↑ FitzGerald R, Smith SM (2021). "An Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection". Helicobacter Pylori. Methods Mol Biol. Vol. 2283. pp. 1–14. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1302-3_1. ISBN 978-1-0716-1301-6. PMID 33765303. S2CID 232365068.
  10. ↑ Warren JR, Marshall B (June 1983). "Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis". Lancet. 1 (8336): 1273–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92719-8. PMID 6134060. S2CID 1641856.
  11. ↑ "Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Cancer - NCI". www.cancer.gov. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  12. ↑ de Brito BB, da Silva FA, Soares AS, Pereira VA, Santos ML, Sampaio MM, Neves PH, de Melo FF (October 2019). "Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection". World J Gastroenterol. 25 (37): 5578–5589. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i37.5578. PMC 6785516. PMID 31602159.
  13. ↑ Chen CC, Liou JM, Lee YC, Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Wu MS (2021). "The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota". Gut Microbes. 13 (1) 1909459: 1–22. doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1909459. PMC 8096336. PMID 33938378.
  14. 1 2 3 Matsuo Y, Kido Y, Yamaoka Y (March 2017). "Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Protein-Related Pathogenesis". Toxins. 9 (3): 101. doi:10.3390/toxins9030101. PMC 5371856. PMID 28287480.
  15. 1 2 Marghalani AM, Bin Salman TO, Faqeeh FJ, Asiri MK, Kabel AM (June 2020). "Gastric carcinoma: Insights into risk factors, methods of diagnosis, possible lines of management, and the role of primary care". J Family Med Prim Care. 9 (6): 2659–2663. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_527_20. PMC 7491774. PMID 32984103.
  16. ↑ Koga Y (December 2022). "Microbiota in the stomach and application of probiotics to gastroduodenal diseases". World J Gastroenterol. 28 (47): 6702–6715. doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6702. PMC 9813937. PMID 36620346.
  17. ↑ Shin WS, Xie F, Chen B, Yu J, Lo KW, Tse GM, To KF, Kang W (October 2023). "Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyond H. pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus". Cancers. 15 (20): 4993. doi:10.3390/cancers15204993. PMC 10605912. PMID 37894360.
  18. ↑ Violeta Filip P, Cuciureanu D, Sorina Diaconu L, Maria Vladareanu A, Silvia Pop C (2018). "MALT lymphoma: epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment". Journal of Medicine and Life. 11 (3): 187–193. doi:10.25122/jml-2018-0035. PMC 6197515. PMID 30364585.
  19. ↑ Ruggiero P (November 2014). "Use of probiotics in the fight against Helicobacter pylori". World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 5 (4): 384–91. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.384. PMC 4231502. PMID 25400981.
  20. 1 2 Santos ML, de Brito BB, da Silva FA, Sampaio MM, Marques HS, Oliveira E, Silva N, de Magalhães Queiroz DM, de Melo FF (July 2020). "Helicobacter pylori infection: Beyond gastric manifestations". World J Gastroenterol. 26 (28): 4076–4093. doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4076. PMC 7403793. PMID 32821071.
  21. ↑ Blaser MJ (October 2006). "Who are we? Indigenous microbes and the ecology of human diseases". EMBO Reports. 7 (10): 956–60. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400812. PMC 1618379. PMID 17016449.
  22. ↑ Gravina AG, Zagari RM, De Musis C, Romano L, Loguercio C, Romano M (August 2018). "Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 24 (29): 3204–3221. doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3204. PMC 6079286. PMID 30090002.
  23. ↑ Ackerman J (June 2012). "The ultimate social network". Scientific American. Vol. 306, no. 6. pp. 36–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0612-36. PMID 22649992.
  24. ↑ "Helicobacter pylori | CDC Yellow Book 2024". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  25. ↑ Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, Jiang F, Graham DY, Leung WK (19 April 2023). "Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 8 (6): 553–564. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00070-5. PMID 37086739. S2CID 258272798.
  26. ↑ Hooi JK, Lai WY, Ng WK, Suen MM, Underwood FE, Tanyingoh D, Malfertheiner P, Graham DY, Wong VW, Wu JC, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Kaplan GG, Ng SC (August 2017). "Global Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Gastroenterology. 153 (2): 420–429. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.022. PMID 28456631.
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