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Hepatitis C

From Wikipedia
hepatitis C
infectious disease, class of disease
Subclass ofviral infectious disease, viral hepatitis, disease Edit
Has causeHepatitis C virus Edit
Dey afflictliver Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Medical examinationblood test, liver biopsy, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA Edit
Possible treatmentantiviral drug, liver transplantation Edit
Anatomical locationliver, bone marrow, lymphatic system Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/hepatitis_c Edit
ICD-9-CM070.7, 070.41, 070.54 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC3098 Edit

Hepatitis C be an infectious disease wey be caused by de hepatitis C virus (HCV) wey primarily dey affect de liver;[1] e be a type of viral hepatitis.[2] During de initial infection period, people often get mild anaa no symptoms.[3] Early symptoms fi include fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, den jaundice.[3] De virus dey persist insyd de liver, wey cam be chronic, insyd about 70% of those wey initially be infected.[4] Early on, chronic infection typically get no symptoms.[3] Over chaw years however, e often dey lead to liver disease den occasionally cirrhosis.[3] Insyd sam cases, those plus cirrhosis go develop serious complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, anaa dilated blood vessels insyd de esophagus den stomach.[1]

HCV be spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact dem associate plus injection drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries insyd healthcare, den transfusions.[3][5] Insyd regions wer na dem implement blood screening, na de risk of contracting HCV from a transfusion drop substantially to less dan one per two million.[3] HCV sanso fi be spread from an infected mommie to ein baby during birth.[3] E no be spread thru breast milk, chow, water, anaa casual contact such as hugging, kissing, den dey share chow anaa drinks plus an infected person.[6] E be one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, den E.[7] Diagnosis be by blood testing to look for either antibodies to de virus anaa viral RNA.[3] Insyd de United States, screening for HCV infection be recommended in all adults age 18 to 79 years old.[8] Der be no vaccine against hepatitis C.[3][8] Prevention dey include harm reduction efforts among people wey dey inject drugs, testing donated blood, den treatment of people plus chronic infection.[6][9] Chronic infection fi be cured more dan 95% of de time plus antiviral medications such as sofosbuvir anaa simeprevir.[3][6] Na Peginterferon den ribavirin be earlier generation treatments wey na dem prove successful insyd <50% of cases wey na dem cause greater side effects.[6]: 2015 version [10] While na access to de newer treatments be expensive, by 2022 na prices drop dramatically insyd chaw countries (primarily low-income den lower-middle-income countries) secof de introduction of generic versions of medicines.[6] Those wey develop cirrhosis anaa liver cancer fi require a liver transplant.[11] Hepatitis C be one of de leading reasons for liver transplantation. However, de virus usually dey recur after transplantation.[11]

Na an estimated 58 million people worldwide be infected plus hepatitis C insyd 2019. Approximately 290,000 deaths from de virus, mainly from liver cancer den cirrhosis attribute to hepatitis C, sanso occur insyd 2019.[12] De existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable per as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – na dem suggest insyd de 1970s wey dem prove insyd 1989.[13] Hepatitis C dey infect humans den chimpanzees per.[14]

Video summary (script)

References

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  1. 1 2 Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 551–552. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
  2. ↑ "Hepatitis MedlinePlus". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Q&A for Health Professionals". Viral Hepatitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  4. ↑ "Hepatitis C Fact sheet". WHO. 24 June 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Updated as required.
  5. ↑ Maheshwari A, Thuluvath PJ (February 2010). "Management of acute hepatitis C". Clinics in Liver Disease. 14 (1): 169–76, x. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.007. PMID 20123448.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hepatitis C Fact sheet". WHO. 24 June 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Updated as required.
  7. ↑ "Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. April 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  8. 1 2 Webster DP, Klenerman P, Dusheiko GM (March 2015). "Hepatitis C". Lancet. 385 (9973): 1124–35. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62401-6. PMC 4878852. PMID 25687730.
  9. ↑ Zelenev A, Li J, Mazhnaya A, Basu S, Altice FL (February 2018). "Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in an extended network of people who inject drugs in the USA: a modelling study". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 18 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30676-X. PMC 5860640. PMID 29153265.
  10. ↑ Kim A (September 2016). "Hepatitis C Virus". Annals of Internal Medicine (Review). 165 (5): ITC33 – ITC48. doi:10.7326/AITC201609060. PMID 27595226. S2CID 95756.
  11. 1 2 Rosen HR (June 2011). "Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection". The New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (25): 2429–38. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1006613. PMID 21696309. S2CID 19755395.
  12. ↑ "Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021". www.who.int (in English). Retrieved 2022-01-19.
  13. ↑ Houghton M (November 2009). "The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus". Journal of Hepatology. 51 (5): 939–48. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004. PMID 19781804.
  14. ↑ Shors T (2011). Understanding viruses (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 535. ISBN 978-0-7637-8553-6. Archived from the original on 2016-05-15.
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