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Herpes

From Wikipedia
herpes simplex
infectious disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofviral infectious disease, Simplexvirus infectious disease, disease Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Has causeSimplexvirus humanalpha1, Simplexvirus humanalpha2 Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases, dermatology Edit
Symptoms and signsrash, low-grade fever, blister, lymphadenopathy Edit
Disease transmission processcontact transmission, airborne transmission, placental transmission Edit
ICD-9-CM054, 058.89 Edit
ICPC 2 IDS71 Edit

Herpes simplex, dem often know simply as herpes, be a viral infection wey be caused by de herpes simplex virus.[1] Herpes infections be categorized by de area of de body wey be infected. De two major types of herpes be oral herpes den genital herpes, though oda forms sanso dey exist.

Oral herpes dey involve de face anaa mouth. E fi result in small blisters insyd groups, dem often call cold sores anaa fever blisters, anaa just fi cause a sore throat.[2][3] Genital herpes dey involve de genitalia. E fi get minimal symptoms anaa form blisters wey dey break open den result in small ulcers.[4] Dese typically dey heal over two to four weeks.[4] Tingling anaa shooting pains fi occur before de blisters appear.[4]

Herpes dey cycle between periods of active disease wey be followed by periods widout symptoms.[4] De first episode often be more severe wey fi be associated plus fever, muscle pains, swollen lymph nodes den headaches.[4] Over time, episodes of active disease dey decrease insyd frequency den severity.[4]

Herpetic whitlow typically dey involve de fingers anaa thumb,[5] herpes simplex keratitis dey involve de eye,[6] herpesviral encephalitis dey involve de brain,[7] wey neonatal herpes dey involve any part of de body of a newborn, among odas.[8]

Der be two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) den type 2 (HSV-2).[4] HSV-1 more commonly dey cause infections around de mouth while HSV-2 more commonly dey cause genital infections.[2] Dem be transmitted by direct contact plus body fluids anaa lesions of an infected individual.[4] Transmission fi still occur wen symptoms no be present.[4] Genital herpes be classified as a sexually transmitted infection.[4] E fi be spread to an infant during childbirth.[4] After infection, de viruses be transported along sensory nerves to de nerve cell bodies, wer dem reside lifelong.[2] Causes of recurrence fi include decreased immune function, stress, den sunlight exposure.[2][9] Oral den genital herpes usually be diagnosed based on de presenting symptoms.[2] De diagnosis fi be confirmed by viral culture anaa detecting herpes DNA insyd fluid from blisters.[4] Testing de blood for antibodies against de virus fi confirm a previous infection buh go be negative insyd new infections.[4]

De most effective method of avoiding genital infections be by avoiding vaginal, oral, manual, den anal sex.[4][10] Condom use dey decrease de risk.[4] Daily antiviral medication wey sam bro wey get de infection take sanso fi reduce spread.[4] Der be no available vaccine[4] wey once infected, der be no cure.[4] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) den topical lidocaine fi be used to help plus de symptoms.[2] Treatments plus antiviral medication such as aciclovir anaa valaciclovir fi lessen de severity of symptomatic episodes.[2][4]

Worldwide rates of either HSV-1 anaa HSV-2 be between 60% den 95% insyd adults.[11] HSV-1 usually be acquired during kiddie time.[4] Since der be no cure for either HSV-1 anaa HSV-2, rates of both inherently dey increase as people age.[11] Rates of HSV-1 be between 70% den 80% insyd populations of low socioeconomic status den 40% to 60% insyd populations of improved socioeconomic status.[11] Na an estimated 536 million people worldwide (16% of de population) be infected plus HSV-2 as of 2003 plus greater rates among women den those insyd de developing world.[12] Chaw people plus HSV-2 no dey realize say dem be infected.[4]

Etymology

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De name be from Ancient Greek: ἕρπης herpēs, wich be related to de meaning 'to creep', wey dey refer to spreading blisters.[13] De name no dey refer to latency.[14]

References

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  1. ↑ "Herpes simplex virus". World Health Organization. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Balasubramaniam, R; Kuperstein, AS; Stoopler, ET (April 2014). "Update on oral herpes virus infections". Dental Clinics of North America. 58 (2): 265–80. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.001. PMID 24655522.
  3. ↑ Mosby (2013). Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 836–37. ISBN 9780323112581. Archived from the original on 2017-09-06.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Genital Herpes – CDC Fact Sheet". cdc.gov. December 8, 2014. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  5. ↑ Wu, IB; Schwartz, RA (March 2007). "Herpetic whitlow". Cutis. 79 (3): 193–06. PMID 17674583.
  6. ↑ Rowe, AM; St Leger, AJ; Jeon, S; Dhaliwal, DK; Knickelbein, JE; Hendricks, RL (January 2013). "Herpes keratitis". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 32: 88–101. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.08.002. PMC 3529813. PMID 22944008.
  7. ↑ Steiner, I; Benninger, F (December 2013). "Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system". Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 13 (12): 414. doi:10.1007/s11910-013-0414-8. PMID 24142852. S2CID 22139709.
  8. ↑ Stephenson-Famy, A; Gardella, C (December 2014). "Herpes Simplex Virus Infection During Pregnancy". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 41 (4): 601–14. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2014.08.006. PMID 25454993.
  9. ↑ Elad S, Zadik Y, Hewson I, et al. (August 2010). "A systematic review of viral infections associated with oral involvement in cancer patients: a spotlight on Herpesviridea". Support Care Cancer. 18 (8): 993–1006. doi:10.1007/s00520-010-0900-3. PMID 20544224. S2CID 2969472.
  10. ↑ Hoyle, Alice; McGeeney, Ester (2019). Great Relationships and Sex Education. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-35118-825-8. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 Chayavichitsilp P, Buckwalter JV, Krakowski AC, Friedlander SF (April 2009). "Herpes simplex". Pediatr Rev. 30 (4): 119–29, quiz 130. doi:10.1542/pir.30-4-119. PMID 19339385. S2CID 34735917.
  12. ↑ Looker, KJ; Garnett, GP; Schmid, GP (October 2008). "An estimate of the global prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 805–12, A. doi:10.2471/blt.07.046128. PMC 2649511. PMID 18949218.
  13. ↑ Beswick, TSL (1962). "The Origin and the Use of the Word Herpes". Med Hist. 6 (3): 214–232. doi:10.1017/S002572730002737X. PMC 1034725. PMID 13868599.
  14. ↑ Reese, Vail. "Countering Creeping Confusion: A Proposal to Re-Name Herpes Virus TAXONOMY". Online Journal of Community and Person-Centered Dermatology. Dr. David Elpern. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
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