Hiatal hernia
| Subclass of | diaphragmatic hernia, stomach disease, genetic disease  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | gastroenterology, general surgery |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/hiatal_hernia |
| ICPC 2 ID | D90 |
A hiatal hernia anaa hiatus hernia[1] be a type of hernia insyd wich abdominal organs (typically de stomach) slip thru de diaphragm into de middle compartment of de chest.[2][3] Dis fi result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) anaa laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) plus symptoms such as a taste of acid insyd de back of de mouth anaa heartburn.[2][3] Oda symptoms fi include trouble swallowing den chest pains.[2] Complications fi include iron deficiency anemia, volvulus, anaa bowel obstruction.[2]
De most common risk factors be obesity den older age.[2] Oda risk factors dey include major trauma, scoliosis, den certain types of surgery.[2] Der be two main types: sliding hernia, insyd wich de body of de stomach dey move up; den paraesophageal hernia, insyd wich an abdominal organ dey move beside de esophagus.[2] De diagnosis fi be confirmed plus endoscopy anaa medical imaging.[2] Endoscopy typically be required per wen concerning symptoms be present, symptoms be resistant to treatment, anaa de person be over 50 years of age.[2]
Symptoms from a hiatal hernia fi be improved by changes such as raising de head of de bed, weight loss, den adjusting eating habits.[2] Medications wey dey reduce gastric acid such as H2 blockers anaa proton pump inhibitors sanso fi help plus de symptoms.[2] If de condition no dey improve plus medications, a surgery to carry out a laparoscopic fundoplication fi be an option.[2] Between 10% den 80% of adults insyd North America be affected.[2]
Causes
[edit | edit source]De following be potential causes of a hiatal hernia.[4]
- Increased pressure within de abdomen wey be caused by:
- Heavy lifting anaa bending over
- Frequent anaa hard coughing
- Hard sneezing
- Violent vomiting
- Straining during defecation (i.e., de Valsalva maneuver)
Obesity den age-related changes to de diaphragm sanso be general risk factors.
Diagnosis
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A large hiatal hernia on chest X-ray wey be marked by open arrows in contrast to de heart borders wey be marked by closed arrows
Dis hiatal hernia mainly be identified by an air-fluid level (labeled plus arrows).
Upper GI endoscopy wey dey depict hiatal hernia
Upper GI endoscopy insyd retroflexion wey dey show Type I hiatal hernia
A hiatal hernia as dem see on CT
A large hiatal hernia as dem see on CT imaging
A large hiatal hernia as dem see on CT imaging- As dem see on ultrasound[5]
- As dem see on ultrasound[5]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Hiatus hernia - Illnesses & conditions". NHS inform. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Roman, S; Kahrilas, PJ (23 October 2014). "The diagnosis and management of hiatus hernia". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 349 g6154. doi:10.1136/bmj.g6154. PMID 25341679. S2CID 7141090.
However, the exact prevalence of hiatus hernia is difficult to determine because of the inherent subjectivity in diagnostic criteria. Consequently, estimates vary widely—for example, from 10% to 80% of the adult population in North America
- 1 2 "Hiatal Hernia". PubMed Health. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017.
- ↑ "Hiatal hernia - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
- 1 2 "UOTW #39 - Ultrasound of the Week". Ultrasound of the Week. 25 February 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
External links
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