Hijrah
| Native label | هجرة  |
|---|---|
| Country | no value |
| Point for tym insyd | 13 September 622, 20 September 622 |
| Tym dem start | 13 September 622 |
| End tym | 27 September 622 |
| Start point | Mecca |
| Destination point | Medina |
| Participant | Muhammad, Abu Bakr |
De Hijrah, (Arabic: الهجرة, romanized: al-Hijrah, lit. 'migration') sanso be Hegira (from Medieval Latin), be de journey de Islamic prophet Muhammad den ein followers take from Mecca to Medina.[1][2] De year insyd wich na de Hijrah take place sanso be identified as de epoch of de Lunar Hijri den Solar Hijri calendars; ein date dey equate to 16 July 622 insyd de Julian calendar.[3][4]
Early insyd Muhammad ein preaching of Islam, na ein followers include ein close paddies den relatives per. Chaw of ein tribesmen, de Quraysh, however, be indifferent to ein activities, as dem no dey appear to be particularly interested insyd devotional meetings, den accordingly, Muhammad no encounter any serious opposition from dem; dat be de case til he begin to challenge dema beliefs, wich cause tensions to arise.
Insyd May 622, after he convene twice plus members of de Medinan tribes of Aws den Khazraj at al-'Aqabah near Mina, Muhammad secretly lef ein home insyd Mecca to emigrate to dema city, along plus ein paddie, father-in-law den companion Abu Bakr.[5]
Aftermath den legacy
[edit | edit source]Muhammad ein followers suffer from poverty after dem flee persecution insyd Mecca den migrating plus Muhammad to Medina. Dema Meccan persecutors seize dema wealth den belongings dem lef behind insyd Mecca. Beginning insyd January 623, Muhammad lead several raids against Meccan caravans wey dey travel along de eastern coast of de Red Sea. Dem thus unify members of different tribes by de urgency of de moment. Dis unity primarily be based on de bonds of kinship.[6][7][8]
De second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, designate de Muslim year during wich de Hegira occur de first year of de Islamic calendar insyd 638 anaa de 17th year of de Hegira. Dem later Latinized am to Anno Hegirae, de abbreviation of wich be still used to denote Hijri dates today.[9] Burnaby dey state say: "Historians in general assert that Muhammad fled from Mecca at the commencement of the third month of the Arabian year, Rabi 'u-l-awwal. They do not agree as to the precise day. According to Ibn-Ishak, it was on the first or second day of the month".[10]
Several Islamic historians den scholars, wey dey include Al Biruni, Ibn Sa'd, den Ibn Hisham, discuss dese dates in depth.[11]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd. pp. 51–52.
- ↑ Marom, Roy (Fall 2017). "Approaches to the Research of Early Islam: The Hijrah in Western Historiography". Jamma'a. 23: vii.
- ↑ Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars. pp. 373–5, 382–4.
- ↑ Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward (2018). "Table 1.2 Epochs for various calendars". Calendrical Calculations (Third ed.). O'Reilly. p. 17. ISBN 9781108546935. OCLC 1137352777.
- ↑ Moojan Momen (1985), An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5.
- ↑ John Esposito, Islam, Expanded edition, Oxford University Press, pp. 4–5.
- ↑ William Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford, 1953, pp. 16–18.
- ↑ Rue, Loyal D. (2005). Religion is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological Nature and what to Expect when They Fail. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813535111. p. 224.
- ↑ Shamsi, F. A. (1984). "The Date of Hijrah". Islamic Studies. 23 (3): 189–224. doi:10.52541/isiri.v23i04.5909. JSTOR 20847270.
Shamsi, F. A. (1984). "The Date of Hijrah". Islamic Studies. 23 (4): 289–323. doi:10.52541/isiri.v23i04.5909. JSTOR 20847277. - ↑ Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars : with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : G. Bell.
- ↑ Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars : with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : G. Bell.
