History of autism
| Subclass of | history of mental disorders  |
|---|---|
| Facet give | autism |
De history of autism dey encompass various conceptual den treatment approaches, plus de understanding of autism be shaped by cultural, scientific, den societal factors.[1] Pathologized anaa viewed as beneficial as part of neurodiversity, autism be subject to various treatments.[2] Progress insyd scientific understanding of autism contribute to both treatment den perceptions of autism.[1]
Dem first introduce term autism by Eugen Bleuler insyd ein description of schizophrenia insyd 1911.[3] De diagnosis of schizophrenia be broader dan ein modern equivalent; autistic kiddies often be diagnosed plus childhood schizophrenia.[4] Na dem conduct de earliest research wey focus on kiddies wey dem go be considered today autistic by Grunya Sukhareva wey dey start insyd de 1920s.[5] Insyd de 1930s den 1940s, Hans Asperger den Leo Kanner describe two related syndromes, dem later term Asperger syndrome den infantile autism. Kanner think say de condition wey na he describe fi be distinct from schizophrenia,[3][4] den insyd de following decades, research into wat go cam be known as autism accelerate.[3] Formally, however, autistic children continue to be diagnosed under various terms wey relate to schizophrenia insyd both de Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) den International Classification of Diseases (ICD),[4] buh by de early 1970s, e cam be more widely recognized say autism den schizophrenia be in fact distinct disorders,[4] den insyd 1980, dis be formalized for de first time plus new diagnostic categories insyd de DSM-III.[6] Dem introduce Asperger syndrome to de DSM as a formal diagnosis insyd 1994, buh insyd 2013, Asperger syndrome den infantile autism be reunified into a single diagnostic category, autism spectrum disorder (ASD).[6]
Autistic individuals often dey struggle plus understanding non-verbal social cues den emotional sharing. De development of de web give chaw autistic people a way to form online communities, work remotely, den attend school remotely wich fi dey directly benefit those wey dey experience difficulty communicating typically. Societal den cultural aspects of autism develop: sam insyd de community seek a cure, while odas believe say autism be simply anoda way of being.[7][8][9]
Although de rise of organizations den charities wey dey relate to advocacy for autistic people den dema caregivers den efforts to destigmatize ASD affect how ASD be viewed,[10] autistic individuals den dema caregivers continue to experience social stigma insyd situations wer autistic peoples dema behaviour be thought of negatively,[11] den chaw primary care physicians den medical specialists express beliefs consistent plus outdated autism research.[12]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 Zeldovich L (2018-05-09). "The evolution of 'Autism' as a diagnosis, explained". Spectrum | Autism Research News (in American English). Retrieved 2023-02-17.
- ↑ den Houting J (February 2019). "Neurodiversity: An insider's perspective". Autism. 23 (2): 271–273. doi:10.1177/1362361318820762. PMID 30556743.
- 1 2 3 Evans B (July 2013). "How autism became autism: The radical transformation of a central concept of child development in Britain". History of the Human Sciences. 26 (3): 3–31. doi:10.1177/0952695113484320. PMC 3757918. PMID 24014081.
- 1 2 3 4 Pina-Camacho, Laura; Parellada, Mara; Kyriakopoulos, Marinos (2016). "Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia: boundaries and uncertainties". BJPsych Advances (in English). 22 (5): 316–324. doi:10.1192/apt.bp.115.014720. ISSN 2056-4678. S2CID 51304185.
- ↑ Manouilenko I, Bejerot S (August 2015). "Sukhareva--Prior to Asperger and Kanner". Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 69 (6) (published 31 March 2015): 479–482. doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1005022. PMID 25826582. S2CID 207473133.
- 1 2 "Autism in the DSM – The Autism History Project". blogs.uoregon.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ↑ Silverman C (2008). "Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum". BioSocieties. 3 (3): 325–341. doi:10.1017/S1745855208006236. S2CID 145379758.
- ↑ Harmon A (20 December 2004). "How about not 'curing' us, some autistics are pleading". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013.
- ↑ Botha, Monique; Cage, Eilidh (2022). ""Autism research is in crisis": A mixed method study of researcher's constructions of autistic people and autism research". Frontiers in Psychology. 13 1050897. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050897. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 9730396. PMID 36506950.
- ↑ Wolff S (August 2004). "The history of autism". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 13 (4): 201–208. doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0363-5. PMID 15365889. S2CID 6106042.
- ↑ Chambres P, Auxiette C, Vansingle C, Gil S (August 2008). "Adult attitudes toward behaviors of a six-year-old boy with Autism". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (7): 1320–1327. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0519-5. PMID 18297387. S2CID 19769173.
- ↑ Heidgerken AD, Geffken G, Modi A, Frakey L (June 2005). "A survey of autism knowledge in a health care setting". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 35 (3): 323–330. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-3298-x. PMID 16119473. S2CID 2015723.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Browning, Christopher (2005). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Arrow. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9.
- Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9649-4.
- Evans, Richard J. (2009). The Third Reich at War. New York City: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-206-3 – via Archive Foundation.
- Longerich, P. (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.
- Proctor, Robert N. (1988). Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard College. ISBN 978-0-674-74578-0 – via Archive Foundation.