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Human papillomavirus infection

From Wikipedia
human papillomavirus infection
infection, infectious disease, class of disease
Subclass ofPapillomavirus infections, disease Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Short nameHPV Edit
Has causehuman papilloma virus Edit
Has effectwart Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Described at URL Edit
ICD-9-CM079.4 Edit
ICPC 2 IDA77 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC27851 Edit

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) be an infection wey a DNA virus from de Papillomaviridae family cause.[1][2][3] Chaw HPV infections dey cause no symptoms den 90% dey resolve spontaneously within two years.[4] Sam times an HPV infection dey persist den result in warts anaa precancerous lesions.[5] Chaw warts be caused by HPV. Dese lesions, wey dey depend on de site affected, increase de risk of cancer of de cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, tonsils, anaa throat.[4][5][6] Nearly all cervical cancer be secof HPV den two strains, HPV16 den HPV18, account for 70% of all cases.[4][7] HPV16 be responsible for almost 90% of HPV-related cancers of de mouth, throat, anaa tonsils.[6] Between 60% den 90% of de oda cancers dem list above sanso be linked to HPV.[7] HPV6 den HPV11 be common causes of genital warts den laryngeal papillomatosis.[4]

Na dem describe over 200 types of HPV.[8][9] An individual fi cam be infected plus more dan one type of HPV[10] wey na dem know de disease to affect humans per.[1][11] More dan 40 types fi be spread thru sexual contact den infect de anus den genitals.[12] Risk factors for persistent infection by sexually transmitted types dey include early age of first sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, smoking den poor immune function.[4] Dese types typically be spread by direct skin-to-skin contact, plus vaginal den anal sex be de most common methods.[13] HPV infection fi spread from a mommie to baby during pregnancy.[10] Der be limited evidence say HPV fi spread indirectly, buh sam studies dey suggest e be theoretically possible to spread via contact plus contaminated surfaces.[14] HPV no be killed by common hand sanitizers anaa disinfectants, wey dey increase de possibility of de virus be transferred via non-living infectious agents dem call fomites.[15]

HPV vaccines fi prevent de most common types of infection.[12] Chaw public health organisations now dey test directly for HPV.[16][17] Screening dey allow for early treatment, wich dey result in better outcomes.[4] Nearly every sexually active individual be infected plus HPV at sam point insyd dema lives.[12] HPV be de most common sexually transmitted infection (STI), globally.[1]

High-risk HPVs dey cause about 5% of all cancers worldwide den about 37,300 cases of cancer insyd de United States each year.[9] Cervical cancer be among de most common cancers worldwide, wey dey cause an estimated 604,000 new cases den 342,000 deaths insyd 2020.[4] Na about 90% of dese new cases den deaths of cervical cancer occur insyd low den middle income countries.[4] Roughly 1% of sexually active adults get genital warts.[10]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 Milner, Danny A. (2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Bzhalava D, Guan P, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Clifford G (October 2013). "A systematic review of the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus types". Virology. 445 (1–2): 224–31. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.015. PMID 23928291.
  3. ↑ Lange, S.; Son, S.; Jensen, M.; Medenblik, A.; Sullivan, J.; Basting, E.; Stuart, G. (2024). "HPV (Human Papillomavirus)". Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior. Springer, Cham. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_1137-1. ISBN 978-3-031-08956-5.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO". World Health Organization. 22 February 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
  5. 1 2 Ljubojevic, Suzana; Skerlev, Mihael (2014-03-01). "HPV-associated diseases". Clinics in Dermatology. Update on Sexually Transmitted Infections. 32 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.007. ISSN 0738-081X.
  6. 1 2 Jamal, Zohaib; Anjum, Fatima (2025), "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 33085415, retrieved 2026-01-03
  7. 1 2 "The Link Between HPV and Cancer". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 November 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  8. ↑ "HPV reference clones – International Human Papillomavirus Reference Center". Retrieved 11 March 2025.
  9. 1 2 "HPV and Cancer - National Cancer Institute". National Cancer Institute. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  10. 1 2 3 "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  11. ↑ "Pink Book (Human Papillomavirus)" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  12. 1 2 3 "What is HPV?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  13. ↑ CDC (11 March 2025). "About Genital HPV Infection". Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Retrieved 23 July 2025.
  14. ↑ Ryndock, Eric J.; Meyers, Craig (12 October 2024). "A risk for non-sexual transmission of human papillomavirus?". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 12 (10): 1165–1170. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.959497. ISSN 1744-8336. PMID 25199987.
  15. ↑ Meyers J, Ryndock E, Conway MJ, Meyers C, Robison R (June 2014). "Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants". J Antimicrob Chemother. 69 (6): 1546–1550. doi:10.1093/jac/dku006. PMC 4019329. PMID 24500190.
  16. ↑ "NHS Cervical Screening Programme – Good practice guidance for sample takers". GOV.UK. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
  17. ↑ "Human papillomavirus (HPV) test". Canadian Cancer Society. Retrieved 24 July 2025.

Read further

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HPV contribution to carcinogenesis

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HPV E6 den E7 Oncogenes

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  • Hoppe-Seyler, Karin; Bossler, Felicitas; Braun, Julia A.; Herrmann, Anja L.; Hoppe-Seyler, Felix (1 February 2018). "The HPV E6/E7 Oncogenes: Key Factors for Viral Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Targets". Trends in Microbiology. 26 (2): 158–168. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.007. ISSN 0966-842X. PMID 28823569.
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