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Hydrocodone

From Wikipedia
hydrocodone
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofmorphinan alkaloid Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized nameHYDROcodone Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₈H₂₁NO₃ Edit
Canonical SMILESCN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC3C(=O)CC4 Edit
Isomeric SMILESCN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4 Edit
Active ingredient inHysingla, Zohydro Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary namehydrocodone Edit
Found insyd taxonPapaver somniferum Edit
Medical condition treatedpain, cough Edit
Physically dey interact plusopioid receptor kappa 1, opioid receptor mu 1 Edit
Pregnancy categoryUS pregnancy category C Edit
Subject has roleopioid, antitussive, narcotic, analgesic Edit

Hydrocodone, dem sanso know as dihydrocodeinone, be a semi-synthetic opioid dem use to treat pain den as a cough suppressant.[1] Dem dey take am by mouth.[1] Typically, e be dispensed as de combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone anaa ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid[2][3][4] den in combination plus homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough.[1] E sanso be available by einself in a long-acting form sold under de brand name Zohydro ER, among odas, to treat severe pain of a prolonged duration.[1][5] Hydrocodone be a controlled drug: insyd de United States, e be classified as a Schedule II Controlled Substance.

Common side effects dey include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, den constipation.[1] Serious side effects fi include low blood pressure, seizures, QT prolongation, respiratory depression, den serotonin syndrome.[1] Rapidly decreasing de dose fi result in opioid withdrawal.[1] Use during pregnancy anaa breastfeeding generally no be recommended.[6] Hydrocodone be believed to work by activating opioid receptors, mainly insyd de brain den spinal cord.[1] Hydrocodone 10 mg be equivalent to about 10 mg of morphine by mouth.[7]

Dem patent hydrocodone insyd 1923, while dem approve de long-acting formulation for medical use insyd de United States insyd 2013.[1][8] E most commonly be prescribed insyd de United States, wich consume 99% of de worldwide supply as of 2010.[9] Insyd 2018, na e be de 402nd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 400,000 prescriptions.[10] Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid, converted from codeine[11][12] anaa less often from thebaine.[13] Production wey dey use genetically engineered yeasts be developed buh e no be used commercially.[14][15][16]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Hydrocodone Bitartrate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 14 November 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  2. ↑ Mallinckrodt (10 March 2021). "HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND ACETAMINOPHEN tablet (label)". National Institutes of Health DailyMed. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  3. ↑ Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2011). Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 692. ISBN 9781608317080.
  4. ↑ "Hydrocodone Combination Products: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov (in English). Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "Hydrocodone: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  6. ↑ "Hydrocodone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  7. ↑ "Opioid Dose Calculator". Agency Medical Directors' Group. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  8. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 526. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  9. ↑ "Making Some Painkillers Harder to Get". The New York Times. 21 February 2013. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  10. ↑ "Hydrocodone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  11. ↑ Stoker HS (2012). General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. Cengage Learning. p. 567. ISBN 9781133711285.
  12. ↑ Vardanyan R, Hruby V (10 March 2006). Synthesis of Essential Drugs (in English). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-046212-7.
  13. ↑ Narcotic Drugs 2020, Estimated World Requirements for 2021, Statistics for 2019 (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 2020. p. 37. ISBN 978-92-1-148355-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021. Thebaine itself is not used in therapy, but it is an important starting material for the manufacture of a number of opioids, mainly codeine, dihydrocodeine, etorphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone and oxymorphone...
  14. ↑ Galanie S, Thodey K, Trenchard IJ, Filsinger Interrante M, Smolke CD (September 2015). "Complete biosynthesis of opioids in yeast". Science. 349 (6252): 1095–1100. Bibcode:2015Sci...349.1095G. doi:10.1126/science.aac9373. PMC 4924617. PMID 26272907.
  15. ↑ Thodey K, Galanie S, Smolke CD (October 2014). "A microbial biomanufacturing platform for natural and semisynthetic opioids". Nature Chemical Biology. 10 (10): 837–844. Bibcode:2014NatCB..10..837T. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1613. PMC 4167936. PMID 25151135.
  16. ↑ Nakagawa A, Matsumura E, Koyanagi T, Katayama T, Kawano N, Yoshimatsu K, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H, Sato F, Minami H (February 2016). "Total biosynthesis of opiates by stepwise fermentation using engineered Escherichia coli". Nature Communications. 7 (1) 10390. Bibcode:2016NatCo...710390N. doi:10.1038/ncomms10390. PMC 4748248. PMID 26847395.
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Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrocodone&oldid=96783"