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Hydromorphone

From Wikipedia
hydromorphone
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofmorphinan alkaloid Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized nameHYDROmorphone Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₁₉NO₃ Edit
Canonical SMILESCN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(=O)CC4 Edit
Isomeric SMILESCN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4 Edit
Active ingredient inDilaudid, Exalgo Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary namehydromorphone Edit
Medical condition treatedpain, cough, substance abuse Edit
Physically dey interact plusOpioid receptor delta 1, opioid receptor kappa 1, opioid receptor mu 1 Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category C Edit
Subject has roleopioid receptor agonist, opioid, narcotic Edit

Hydromorphone, dem sanso know as dihydromorphinone, wey dem sell under de brand name Dilaudid among odas, be a morphinan opioid dem use to treat moderate to severe pain.[1] Typically, long-term use only be recommended for pain secof cancer.[2] E fi be used by mouth anaa by injection into a vein, muscle, anaa under de skin.[1] Effects generally dey begin within half an hour den last for up to five hours.[1] A 2016 Cochrane review (dem update insyd 2021) find little difference in benefit between hydromorphone den oda opioids for cancer pain.[3]

Common side effects dey include dizziness, euphoria, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, den constipation.[1] Serious side effects fi include abuse, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory depression, den serotonin syndrome.[1] Rapidly dey decrease de dose fi result in opioid withdrawal.[1] Generally, ein use during pregnancy anaa breastfeeding no be recommended.[4] Hydromorphone dey exert ein effects by activating opioid receptors, mainly insyd de brain den spinal cord.[1] Hydromorphone 2 mg IV be equivalent to approximately 10 mg morphine IV.[2]

Dem patent hydromorphone insyd 1923.[5] Den nake hydromorphone from morphine.[6] Hydromorphone be a therapeutic alternative on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] E be available as a generic medication.[1] Insyd 2022, na e be de 233rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1 million prescriptions.[8][9]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  2. 1 2 British national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 24, 456. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2.
  3. ↑ Li Y, Ma J, Lu G, Dou Z, Knaggs R, Xia J, Zhao S, Dong S, Yang L (August 2021). "Hydromorphone for cancer pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (8) CD011108. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011108.pub3. PMC 8406835. PMID 34350974.
  4. ↑ "Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  5. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 526. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
  6. ↑ Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2006). Synthesis of Essential Drugs. Elsevier. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-08-046212-7.
  7. ↑ World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/382243.
  8. ↑ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  9. ↑ "Hydromorphone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 – 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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