Hypoglycemia
| Subclass of | glucose metabolism disease, pancreas disease, disease  |
|---|---|
| Name | føling |
| Health specialty | endocrinology |
| Symptoms and signs | tremor |
| Possible treatment | glucose |
| ICD-9-CM | 251.2, 251.1 |
| ICPC 2 ID | T87 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C3126 |
| Opposite of | hyperglycemia |
Hypoglycemia (American English), dem sanso spell hypoglycaemia anaa hypoglycæmia (British English), sam times dem call low blood sugar, be a fall insyd blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).[1] Dem dey use whipple's triad to properly identify hypoglycemic episodes.[2] E be defined as blood glucose below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), symptoms wey be associated plus hypoglycemia, den resolution of symptoms wen blood sugar return to normal.[1] Hypoglycemia fi result in headache, tiredness, clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, fast heart rate, sweating, shakiness, nervousness, hunger, loss of consciousness, seizures, anaa death.[1][3] Symptoms typically dey cam on quickly.[1] Symptoms fi remain even soon after blood level raise.
De most common cause of hypoglycemia be medications dem use to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, den biguanides.[2][4] Risk be greater insyd diabetics wey chop less dan usual, recently exercised, anaa consumed alcohol.[1][2] Oda causes of hypoglycemia dey include severe illness, sepsis, kidney failure, liver disease, hormone deficiency, tumors such as insulinomas anaa non-B cell tumors, inborn errors of metabolism, den several medications.[1][2] Low blood sugar fi occur insyd otherwise healthy newborns wey dem no chop for a few hours.[5]
Dem dey treat hypoglycemia by eating a sugary chow anaa drink, for example glucose tablets anaa gel, apple juice, soft drink, anaa lollipops.[1][2] De person for be conscious den be able to swallow.[1] De goal be to consume 10–20 grams of a carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels to a minimum of 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).[2] If a person no be able to take food by mouth, glucagon by injection anaa insufflation fi help.[1][6] De treatment of hypoglycemia unrelated to diabetes dey include treating de underlying problem.[2]
Among people plus diabetes, prevention dey start plus learning de signs den symptoms of hypoglycemia.[2] Diabetes medications, like insulin, sulfonylureas, den biguanides sanso fi be adjusted anaa stopped to prevent hypoglycemia.[2] Frequent den routine blood glucose testing be recommended.[1] Sam fi find continuous glucose monitors plus insulin pumps to be helpful insyd de management of diabetes den prevention of hypoglycemia.
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). "Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia)". NIDDK.nih.gov (in American English). Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, Heller SR, Montori VM, Seaquist ER, Service FJ (March 2009). "Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 94 (3): 709–728. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1410. PMID 19088155.
- ↑ Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, Heller SR, Montori VM, Seaquist ER, Service FJ (March 2009). "Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 94 (3): 709–728. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1410. PMID 19088155.
- ↑ Yanai H, Adachi H, Katsuyama H, Moriyama S, Hamasaki H, Sako A (February 2015). "Causative anti-diabetic drugs and the underlying clinical factors for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes". World Journal of Diabetes. 6 (1): 30–36. doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.30. PMC 4317315. PMID 25685276.
- ↑ Thornton PS, Stanley CA, De Leon DD, Harris D, Haymond MW, Hussain K, et al. (August 2015). "Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for Evaluation and Management of Persistent Hypoglycemia in Neonates, Infants, and Children". The Journal of Pediatrics (in English). 167 (2): 238–245. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.03.057. PMC 11891912. PMID 25957977. S2CID 10681217.
- ↑ "FDA approves first treatment for severe hypoglycemia that can be administered without an injection". FDA (in English). 11 September 2019. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Hypoglycemia at the Mayo Clinic
- American Diabetes Association
- "Hypoglycemia". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine.