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Hypothermia

From Wikipedia
hypothermia
disease, abnormally low value, clinical sign, cause of death, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofneurological and physiological symptom Edit
Has causecold weather Edit
Has effectparadoxical undressing, frostbite Edit
Health specialtyemergency medicine Edit
Symptoms and signshallucination Edit
Medical examinationQ133040319 Edit
Possible treatmentcardiopulmonary resuscitation, intravenous fluid replacement Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC78351 Edit
Opposite ofhyperthermia Edit

Hypothermia be defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) insyd humans.[1] Symptoms dey depend on de temperature. Insyd mild hypothermia, der be shivering den mental confusion. Insyd moderate hypothermia, shivering stops den confusion dey increase.[2] Insyd severe hypothermia, der fi be hallucinations den paradoxical undressing, insyd wich a person komot dema clothing, as well as an increased risk of de heart stopping.[1]

Hypothermia get two main types of causes. E classically dey occur from exposure to cold weather den cold water immersion. E sanso fi occur from any condition wey dey decrease heat production anaa dey increase heat loss.[3] Commonly, dis dey include alcohol intoxication buh sanso fi include low blood sugar, anorexia, den advanced age.[1][3] Body temperature usually be maintained near a constant level of 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F) thru thermoregulation.[1] Efforts to increase body temperature dey involve shivering, increased voluntary activity, den putting on warmer clothing.[1][4] Hypothermia fi be diagnosed based on either a person ein symptoms insyd de presence of risk factors anaa by measuring a person ein core temperature.[1]

De treatment of mild hypothermia dey involve warm drinks, warm clothing, den voluntary physical activity.[1] Insyd those plus moderate hypothermia, heating blankets den warmed intravenous fluids be recommended.[1] People plus moderate anaa severe hypothermia for be moved gently.[1] Insyd severe hypothermia, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) anaa cardiopulmonary bypass fi be useful.[1] Insyd those widout a pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) be indicated along plus de above measures.[1] Rewarming typically be continued til a person ein temperature be greater dan 32 °C (90 °F).[1] If der be no improvement at dis point anaa de blood potassium level be greater dan 12 millimoles per litre at any time, resuscitation fi be discontinued.[1]

Hypothermia be de cause of at least 1,500 deaths a year insyd de United States.[1] E be more common insyd older people den males.[5] Na one of de lowest documented body temperatures from wich sam bro plus accidental hypothermia survive be 12.7 °C (54.9 °F) insyd a 2-year-old boy from Poland dem name Adam.[6] Na dem describe survival after more dan six hours of CPR.[1] Insyd individuals for whom ECMO anaa bypass be used, survival be around 50%.[1] Na deaths secof hypothermia play an important role insyd chaw wars.[3]

De term be from Greek ῠ̔πο (ypo), wey dey mean "under", den θέρμη (thérmē), wey dey mean "heat". De opposite of hypothermia be hyperthermia, an increased body temperature secof failed thermoregulation.[7][8]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Brown DJ, Brugger H, Boyd J, Paal P (November 2012). "Accidental hypothermia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (20): 1930–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1114208. PMID 23150960. S2CID 205116341.
  2. ↑ Fears, J. Wayne (2011-02-14). The Pocket Outdoor Survival Guide: The Ultimate Guide for Short-Term Survival (in English). Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-62636-680-0.
  3. 1 2 3 Marx J (2010). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 1870. ISBN 978-0-323-05472-0.
  4. ↑ Robertson, David (2012). Primer on the autonomic nervous system (3rd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/AP. p. 288. ISBN 9780123865250. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  5. ↑ Bracker, Mark (2012). The 5-Minute Sports Medicine Consult (2 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 320. ISBN 9781451148121. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  6. ↑ "2-latek z Polski rekordzistą. Przeżył wychłodzenie poniżej 12 st. C." Dziennik Naukowy (in Polish). 5 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  7. ↑ Axelrod, Yekaterina K.; Diringer, Michael N. (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders". Neurologic Clinics. 26 (2): 585–603, xi. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. ISSN 0733-8619. PMID 18514828.
  8. ↑ Laupland, Kevin B. (July 2009). "Fever in the critically ill medical patient". Critical Care Medicine. 37 (7 Suppl): S273–278. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117. ISSN 1530-0293. PMID 19535958.
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