Ijma
| Subclass of | sources of sharia, consensus  |
|---|---|
| Part of | fiqh |
Ijma (Arabic: إجماع, romanized: ijmāʿ, lit. 'consensus', IPA: [ʔid͡ʒ.maːʕ]) be an Arabic term wey dey refeor to de consensus anaa agreement of de Islamic community on a point of Islamic law. Sunni Muslims regard am as one of de secondary sources of Sharia law, after de Qur'an, den de Sunnah. Exactly wat group for represent de Muslim community in reaching de consensus no be agreed on by de various schools of Islamic jurisprudence.[1] Sam believe e for be de Sahaba (de first generation of Muslims) per; odas de consensus of de Salaf (de first three generations of Muslims); anaa de consensus of Islamic lawyers,[2]: 472 de jurists and scholars of de Muslim world, i.e. scholarly consensus; anaa de consensus of all de Muslim world, both scholars den lay people.
Na e be de consensus wey fi in principle elevate a ruling based on probable evidence to absolute certainty.[3][4] Dis classical doctrine draw ein authority from a series of hadiths wey dey state say de Islamic community never fi agree on an error.[3] Dis form of consensus be technically defined as agreement of all competent jurists insyd any particular generation, wey dey act as representatives of de community.[3][4][5] However, de practical difficulty of obtaining den ascertaining such an agreement mean say e get little impact on legal development.[3][4] A more pragmatic form of consensus, wich fi be determined by consulting works of prominent jurists, na dem use to confirm a ruling so say e no fi be reopened for further discussion.[4] De cases for wich der be a consensus account dey form less dan 1 percent of de body of classical jurisprudence.[3]
De opposite of Ijma (i.e., lack of consensus on a point of Islamic law) be called ikhtilaf.
Proof of de validity of Ijma
[edit | edit source]Insyd de Quran
[edit | edit source]Na dem once approach Imam Al-Shafi'i by an old man wey biz for proof of Ijma from de Quran. Imam Al-Shafi'i go home wey he recite de whole Quran three times. On de third recitation, he find a verse insyd Sura An-Nisa (4:115)
"And whoever defies the Messenger after guidance has become clear to them and follows a path other than that of the believers, We will let them pursue what they have chosen, then burn them in Hell—what an evil end!"
wich dey mention de word 'Sabeelil Mu'mineen' (de way of those of faith). Imam Al-Shafi'i tell de old man dis verse be a proof for Ijma from de Quran wey he be satisfied. Anoda proof of Ijma from de Quran dey insyd Surah Luqman (31:15) insyd wich Allah dey mention
"and follow the way of those who turn to Me in devotion"
Anoda proof of Ijma insyd de Quran dey insyd Sura an-Nisa (4:83) insyd wich Allah dey mention
"And when they hear news of security or fear, they publicize it. Had they referred it to the Messenger or their authorities, those with sound judgment among them would have validated it. Had it not been for Allah’s grace and mercy, you would have followed Satan—except for a few."
Sam scholars get opinion say Surah Al Fatihah verse 1:6 den 1:7 wich Muslims read at least 17 times a day (insyd dema 5 daily Salah) sanso be an indirect support of Ijma.
Insyd de Hadith (Sayings of de Prophet)
[edit | edit source]De hadith of Muhammad wich dey state say "Allah will ensure my ummah will never collude en-masse upon error"[6] e be mentioned insyd de books of Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Musnah Ahmad, den Darimi. Dis often be quoted as de primary proof of Ijma from de Hadith from de Sunni View.
Dem often dey cite similar hadiths as a proof for de validity of Ijma as well.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Ijma". Britannica. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ↑ Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (26 March 2016). The Laws of Islam (PDF) (in English). Enlight Press. ISBN 978-0994240989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hallaq 2009a, pp. 21–22.
- 1 2 3 4 Vikør 2014.
- ↑ Kamali 1999, p. 146.
- ↑ Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (4:2167), ibn Majah (2:1303), Abu Dawood, and others with slightly different wordings.
External links
[edit | edit source]- The Doctrine of Ijma': Is there a consensus? by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
