Infectious mononucleosis
| Subclass of | Epstein–Barr virus infection, cytomegaloviral disease, viral infectious disease, angina  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | Epstein–Barr virus, Human betaherpesvirus 5 |
| Health specialty | infectious diseases |
| Medical examination | physical examination, complete blood count, blood test, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA |
| Possible treatment | gargling, antimicrobial drug, corticosteroid, histamine antagonist |
| Disease transmission process | airborne transmission, haemocontact transmission of pathogen, placental transmission |
| ICD-9-CM | 075 |
| ICPC 2 ID | A75 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C34726 |
Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), dem sanso know as glandular fever, be an infection usually wey be caused by de Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).[1][2] Chaw people be infected by de virus as kiddies, wen de disease dey produce few anaa no symptoms.[1] Insyd young adults, de disease often dey result in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes insyd de neck, den fatigue.[1] Chaw people recover insyd two to four weeks; however, fatigue fi last months.[1] De liver anaa spleen sanso fi cam be swollen,[2] den insyd less dan one percent of cases splenic rupture fi occur.[3]
While usually e be caused by de Epstein–Barr virus, dem sanso know am as human herpesvirus 4, wich be a member of de herpesvirus family,[2] a few oda viruses[2] den de protozoon Toxoplasma gondii[4] sanso fi cause de disease. E primarily be spread thru saliva buh fi rarely be spread thru semen anaa blood.[1] Spread fi occur by objects such as drinking glasses anaa toothbrushes, anaa thru a cough anaa sneeze.[1][5] Those wey be infected fi spread de disease weeks before symptoms develop.[1] Mono be primarily diagnosed based on de symptoms wey fi be confirmed plus blood tests for specific antibodies.[2] Anoda typical finding be increased blood lymphocytes of wich more dan 10% be reactive.[2][6] De monospot test no be recommended for general use secof poor accuracy.[7]
Der be no vaccine for EBV; however, der be ongoing research.[8][9] Infection fi be prevented by make dem no dey share personal items anaa saliva plus an infected person.[1] Mono generally dey improve widout any specific treatment.[1] Symptoms fi be reduced by make dem dey drink enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, den dey take pain medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) den ibuprofen.[1][10]
Mononucleosis most commonly dey affect those between de ages of 15 den 24 years insyd de developed world.[6] Insyd de developing world, people more often be infected insyd early kiddie time wen der be fewer symptoms.[11] Insyd those between 16 den 20 e be de cause of about 8% of sore throats.[6] About 45 out of 100,000 people dey develop infectious mono each year insyd de United States.[12] Na nearly 95% of people get an EBV infection by de time dem be adults.[12] De disease dey occur equally at all times of de year.[6] Na dem first describe mononucleosis insyd de 1920s wey e be colloquially known as "the kissing disease".[13]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)". CDC. January 7, 2014. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved Aug 10, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "About Infectious Mononucleosis". CDC. January 7, 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ↑ Handin, Robert I.; Lux, Samuel E.; Stossel, Thomas P. (2003). Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology (in English). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 641. ISBN 978-0-7817-1993-3. Archived from the original on 2017-09-11.
- ↑ Evans, AS (November 1978). "Infectious mononucleosis and related syndromes". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 276 (3): 325–39. doi:10.1097/00000441-197811000-00010. PMID 217270. S2CID 22970983.
- ↑ "Mononucleosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in English). Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 Ebell, MH; Call, M; Shinholser, J; Gardner, J (12 April 2016). "Does This Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review". JAMA. 315 (14): 1502–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2111. PMID 27115266.
- ↑ "Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis Laboratory Testing". CDC. January 7, 2014. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ↑ "A Study of an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Candidate Vaccine, mRNA-1189, in 12- to 30-Year-Old Healthy Adolescents and Adults". clinicaltrials.gov. 19 November 2023.
- ↑ "New Epstein-Barr virus vaccine trial hailed a success so far". MS-UK. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ↑ Ebell, MH (12 April 2016). "JAMA PATIENT PAGE. Infectious Mononucleosis". JAMA. 315 (14): 1532. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2474. PMID 27115282.
- ↑ Marx, John; Walls, Ron; Hockberger, Robert (2013). Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice (in English) (8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1731. ISBN 978-1-4557-4987-4. Archived from the original on 2017-09-11.
- 1 2 Tyring, Stephen; Moore, Angela Yen; Lupi, Omar (2016). Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management (in English) (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4200-7313-3. Archived from the original on 2017-09-11.
- ↑ Smart, Paul (1998). Everything You Need to Know about Mononucleosis (in English). The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8239-2550-6.
External links
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