Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta

human

Ein sex anaa gender	male
Ein country of citizenship	Kenya
Name in native language	Jomo Kenyatta
Family name	Kenyatta
Ein date of birth	20 October 1893
Place dem born am	Gatundu
Date wey edie	22 August 1978
Place wey edie	Mombasa
Manner of death	natural causes
Cause of death	myocardial infarction
Spouse	Grace Wahu, Ngina Kenyatta
Kiddie	Margaret Wambui Kenyatta, Uhuru Kenyatta, Nyokabi Kenyatta, Muhoho Kenyatta
Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign	English
Writing language	English
Ein occupation	journalist, politician
Position ehold	President of Kenya, Prime Minister of Kenya, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kenya
Educate for	London School of Economics and Political Science, University College London, International People's College
Political party ein member	Kenya African National Union
Award e receive	Order of Merit for National Foundation
Described at URL	http://www.digiporta.net/index.php?id=440586915

Jomo Kenyatta (c. 1897- 22 August 1978) na he be a Kenyan anti-colonial activist den politician wey govern Kenya as ein Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 den then as ein first Presido from 1964 to ein death insyd 1978. Na he play a significant role insyd de transformation of Kenya from a colony of de British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist den a conservative, na he lead de Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 til ein death.

Na Kenyatta be born to Kikuyu farmers insyd Kiambu, British East Africa. Na he educate for a mission school, he work insyd chaw jobs before he cam be politically engaged thru de Kikuyu Central Association. Insyd 1929, na he travell to London make he lobby give Kikuyu land affairs. During de 1930s, na he study for Moscow ein Communist University of the Toilers of the East, University College London, den de London School of Economics. Insyd 1938, na he publish an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before he work as a farm labourer insyd Sussex during de Second World War. Influenced by ein paddie friend George Padmore, na he embrace anti-colonialist den Pan-African ideas, wey he co-organise de 1945 Pan-African Congress insyd Manchester. Na he return to Kenya insyd 1946 wey he cam be a school principal. Insyd 1947, na dem elect am Presido of de Kenya African Union, thru wich na he lobby for independence from British colonial rule, wey dey attract widespread indigenous support buh animosity from white settlers. Insyd 1952, na he be among de Kapenguria Six dem arrest den charge plus dem dey mastermind de anti-colonial Mau Mau Uprising. Although na he protest ein innocence—a view dem share by later historians—na dem convict am. Na he remain imprisoned for Lokitaung til 1959 wey na dem then exile am to Lodwar til 1961.

On ein release, na Kenyatta cam be Presido of KANU wey he lead de party to victory insyd de 1963 general election. As Prime Minister, na he oversee de transition of de Kenya Colony into an independent republic, of wich na he cam be presido insyd 1964. Na he dey desire a one-party state, he transfer regional powers to ein central government, suppress political dissent, wey he prohibit KANU ein only rival—Oginga Odinga de leftist Kenya People's Union—from make he compete insyd elections. Na he promote reconciliation between de country ein indigenous ethnic groups den ein European minority, although na ein relations plus de Kenyan Indians be strained wey Kenya ein army clash plus Somali separatists insyd de North Eastern Province during de Shifta War. Na ein government pursue capitalist economic policies den de "Africanisation" of de economy, wey dey prohibit non-citizens from make dem dey control key industries. Na he expand education den healthcare, while na UK-funded land redistribution favour KANU loyalists den exacerbate ethnic tensions. Under Kenyatta, na Kenya join de Organisation of African Unity den de Commonwealth of Nations, wey dey espouse a pro-Western den anti-communist foreign policy amid de Cold War. Na Kenyatta die insyd office wey na he be succeeded by Daniel arap Moi. Na Kenyatta ein son Uhuru later sanso cam turn presido.

Na Kenyatta be a controversial figure. Prior to Kenyan independence, na chaw of ein white settlers regard am as an agitator den malcontent, although na across Africa he gain widespread respect as an anti-colonialist. During ein presidency, na dem give am de honorary title of Mzee wey na dem laud am as de Father of the Nation, wey he secure support from both de black majority den de white minority plus ein message of reconciliation. Conversely, na ein rule be criticised as dictatorial, authoritarian, den neocolonial, of he dey favour Kikuyu over oda ethnic groups, den of he dey facilitate de growth of widespread corruption.

Early life

Kiddie time

Na he be member of de Kikuyu people, na dem born Kenyatta plus de name Kamau insyd de small rural village of Ngenda. Na dem no dey keep birth records among de Kikuyu, den Kenyatta ein date of birth no be known. Na one biographer, Jules Archer, suggest na he likely born insyd 1890 anaa 1891, although na a fuller analysis by Jeremy Murray-Brown suggest a birth c. 1897 anaa 1898. Na dem name Kenyatta ein poppie Muigai, den ein mommoie Wambui. Na dem live insyd a homestead near River Thiririka, wer na dem raise crops den breed sheep den goats. Na Muigai be sufficiently wealthy wey na he fi afford make he keep chaw wives, each dey live insyd a separate nyũmba (hut).

Bibliography

Year of publication	Title	Publisher
1938	Facing Mount Kenya	Secker and Warburg
1944	My People of Kikuyu and the Life of Chief Wangombe	United Society for Christian Literature
1944?	Kenya: The Land of Conflict	Panaf Service
1968	Suffering Without Bitterness	East African Publishing House
1971	The Challenge of Uhuru: The Progress of Kenya, 1968 to 1970	East African Publishing House

References

Sources

• Anderson, David (2005). Histories of the Hanged: Britain's Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297847199.
• Archer, Jules (1969). African Firebrand: Kenyatta of Kenya. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0671320621.
• Arnold, Guy (1974). Kenyatta and the Politics of Kenya. London: Dent. ISBN 978-0460078788.
• Assensoh, A. B. (1998). African Political Leadership: Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius K. Nyerere. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0894649110.
• Beck, Ann (1966). "Some Observations on Jomo Kenyatta in Britain: 1929–1930". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 6 (22): 308–329. doi:10.3406/cea.1966.3068. JSTOR 4390930.
• Bernardi, Bernardo (1993). "Old Kikuyu Religion Igongona and Mambura: Sacrifice and Sex: Re-reading Kenyatta's Ethnography". Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione|Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. 48 (2): 167–183. JSTOR 40760779.
• Branch, Daniel (2017). "Violence, decolonisation and the Cold War in Kenya's north-eastern province, 1963–1978". In Anderson, David M.; Rolandsen, Øystein H. (eds.). Politics and Violence in Eastern Africa: The Struggles of Emerging States. London: Routledge. pp. 104–119. ISBN 978-1-317-53952-0.
• Boone, Catherine (2012). "Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya". African Studies Review. 55 (1): 75–103. doi:10.1353/arw.2012.0010. hdl:2152/19778. JSTOR 41804129. S2CID 154334560.
• Cullen, Poppy (2016). "Funeral Planning: British Involvement in the Funeral of President Jomo Kenyatta" (PDF). The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 44 (3): 513–532. doi:10.1080/03086534.2016.1175737. S2CID 156552406.
• Frederiksen, Bodil Folke (2008). "Jomo Kenyatta, Marie Bonaparte and Bronislaw Malinowski on Clitoridectomy and Female Sexuality". History Workshop Journal. 65 (65): 23–48. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbn013. PMID 19618561. S2CID 38737442.
• Gertzel, Cherry (1970). The Politics of Independent Kenya. London: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0810103177.
• Gikandi, Simon (2000). "Pan-Africanism and Cosmopolitanism: The Case of Jomo Kenyatta". English Studies in Africa. 43 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1080/00138390008691286. S2CID 161686105.
• Jones, Daniel (1940). Preface. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. By Armstrong, Lilias E. London: International Africa Institute. pp. v–vi. OCLC 386522.
• Kuria, Gibson Kamau (1991). "Confronting Dictatorship in Kenya". Journal of Democracy. 2 (4): 115–126. doi:10.1353/jod.1991.0060. S2CID 154003550.
• Kyle, Keith (1997). "The Politics of the Independence of Kenya". Contemporary British History. 11 (4): 42–65. doi:10.1080/13619469708581458.
• Jackson, Robert H.; Rosberg, Carl Gustav (1982). Personal Rule in Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520041851.
• Leman, Peter (2011). "African Oral Law and the Critique of Colonial Modernity in The Trial of Jomo Kenyatta". Law and Literature. 23 (1): 26–47. doi:10.1525/lal.2011.23.1.26. S2CID 145432539.
• Lonsdale, John (1990). "Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya". The Journal of African History. 31 (3): 393–421. doi:10.1017/S0021853700031157. hdl:10539/9062. S2CID 162867744.
• Lonsdale, John (2006). "Ornamental Constitutionalism in Africa: Kenyatta and the Two Queens". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 34 (1): 87–103. doi:10.1080/03086530500412132. S2CID 153491600.
• Maloba, W. O. (2017). The Anatomy of Neo-Colonialism in Kenya: British Imperialism and Kenyatta, 1963–1978. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3319509648.
• Maloba, W. O. (2018). Kenyatta and Britain: An Account of Political Transformation, 1929–1963. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3319508955.
• Maxon, Robert M. (1995). "Social and Cultural Changes". In B. A. Ogot; W. R. Ochieng (eds.). Decolonization and Independence in Kenya 1940–93. Eastern African Series. London: James Currey. pp. 110–147. ISBN 978-0821410516.
• Murray-Brown, Jeremy (1974) [1972]. Kenyatta. New York City: Fontana. ISBN 978-0006334538.
• Naim, Asher (2005). "Perspectives—Jomo Kenyatta and Israel". Jewish Political Studies Review. 17 (3): 75–80. JSTOR 25834640.
• Nyangena, Kenneth O. (2003). "Jomo Kenyatta: An Epitome of Indigenous Pan-Africanism, Nationalism and Intellectual Production in Kenya". African Journal of International Affairs. 6: 1–18. doi:10.4314/ajia.v6i1-2.57203.
• O'Brien, Jay (1976). "Bonapartism and Kenyatta's Regime in Kenya". Review of African Political Economy. 3 (6): 90–95. doi:10.1080/03056247608703293. JSTOR 3997848.
• Ochieng, William R. (1995). "Structural and Political Changes". In B. A. Ogot; W. R. Ochieng (eds.). Decolonization and Independence in Kenya 1940–93. Eastern African Series. London: James Currey. pp. 83–109. ISBN 978-0821410516.
• Polsgrove, Carol (2009). Ending British Rule in Africa: Writers in a Common Cause. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0719089015.
• Savage, Donald C. (1970). "Kenyatta and the Development of African Nationalism in Kenya". International Journal. 25 (3): 518–537. doi:10.1177/002070207002500305. JSTOR 40200855. S2CID 147253845.
• Slater, Montagu (1956). The Trial of Jomo Kenyatta. London: Secker and Warburg. ISBN 978-0436472008.
• Tamarkin, M. (1979). "From Kenyatta to Moi: The Anatomy of a Peaceful Transition of Power". Africa Today. 26 (3): 21–37. JSTOR 4185874.

Read further

• Delf, George (1961). Jomo Kenyatta: Towards Truth about 'The Light of Kenya'. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-8371-8307-7.
• Elkins, Caroline (2005). Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-7653-0.
• Lonsdale, John (2000). "KAU's Cultures: Imaginations of Community and Constructions of Leadership in Kenya after the Second World War". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 13 (1): 107–124. doi:10.1080/713674307. JSTOR 1771859. S2CID 143712816.
• Savage, Donald C. (1969). "Jomo Kenyatta, Malcolm MacDonald and the Colonial Office 1938–39 Some Documents from the P. R. O.". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 3 (3): 615–632. doi:10.2307/483910. JSTOR 483910.
• Macharia, Rawson (1991). The Truth about the Trial of Jomo Kenyatta. Nairobi: Longman. ISBN 978-9966-49-823-6.
• Muigai, Githu (2004). "Jomo Kenyatta and the Rise of the Ethno-nationalist State in Kenya". In Berman, Bruce; Eyoh, Dickson; Kymlicka, Will (eds.). Ethnicity and Democracy in Africa. James Currey. pp. 200–217. ISBN 978-1782047926.
• Watkins, Elizabeth (1993). Jomo's Jailor – Grand Warrior of Kenya. Mulberry Books. ISBN 978-0-9528952-0-6.

External links

• A 1964 newsreel from British Pathe of Kenyatta's swearing in as President of Kenya
• The short film Kenyatta Profile (1971) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
• Audio recording of Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta's independence speech at Uhuru Stadium in Nairobi, Swiss Radio, 12. December 1963 (33 sec, original, no translation)