Jubba River

Jubba River

river

Origin of the watercourse	Ganale Dorya River, Dawa River
Mouth of the watercourse	Indian Ocean
Tributary	Shebelle River, Dawa River, Ganale Dorya River, Ewaso Ng'iro
Country	Ethiopia, Somalia
Edey de administrative territorial entity insyd	Somalia
Coordinate location	4°10′42″N 42°4′48″E, 0°15′1″S 42°37′50″E, 0°14′11″S 42°39′0″E

De Jubba River anaa Juba River (Somali: Webiga Jubba, Italian: fiume Giuba) be a river for southern Somalia insyd wey dey flow thru de region of Jubaland. E dey begin at de border plus Ethiopia, wey de Dawa den Ganale Dorya rivers dey meet, den dey flow directly south to de Somali Sea, wey e empty at de Goobweyn juncture. De Jubba basin dey cover an area of 749,000 km² (289,000 sq mi). De Somali regional state of Jubaland, wey dem formerly bell am Trans-Juba, dem name am after de river.

History

Ajuran Empire

De Jubba River get a rich history of a once-booming sophisticated civilization den trade network wey de powerful Somalis conducted am dat hold sway ova de Jubba River.

During de Middle Ages Jubba River dey under de Ajuran Empire of de Horn of Africa wey utilize de Jubba River give ein plantations den be de only hydraulic empire for Africa insyd. A hydraulic empire dat rise for de 13th century AD insyd, Ajuran monopolize de water resources of de Jubba River den Shebelle. Thru hydraulic engineering, e sanso construct many of de limestone wells den cisterns of de state dat be still operative den for use insyd today. Ein rulers develop new systems give agriculture den taxation, wey dem continue to used for parts of de Horn of Africa insyd as late as de 19th century.

Thru demma control of de region ein wells, de Garen rulers effectively hold a monopoly ova demma nomadic subjects as dem be one of de few hydraulic empire for Africa insyd. Dem construct large wells make out of limestone thruout de state, wey attract Somali nomads plus demma livestock. De centralized regulations of de wells make am easier give de nomads to settle disputes by taking demma queries to government officials wey go act as mediators. Long distance caravan trade, a long-time practice for de Horn of Africa insyd, continue unchanged for Ajuran times insyd. Today, numerous ruins den towns wey dem abandon thruout de interior of Somalia den de Horn of Africa be evidence of a once-booming inland trade network wey e date from de medieval period.

Plus de centralized supervision of de Ajuran, farms for Afgooye, Bardhere den oda areas insyd for de Jubba den Shebelle valleys insyd increase demma productivity. A system of irrigation ditches wey dem locally know am as Kelliyo feed directly from de Shebelle River den Jubba River into de plantations wey dem grow sorghum, maize, beans, grain den cotton during de gu (Spring for Somali insyd) den xagaa (Summer for Somali insyd) seasons of de Somali calendar. Numerous dikes den dams dey in support for dis irrigation system. To determine de average size of a farm, dem sanso invent a land measurement system plus moos, taraab den guldeed wey be de terms dem use.

De urban centers of Mogadishu, Merca, Barawa, Kismayo den Hobyo den oda respective ports becam profitable trade outlets give commodities wey dey originate from de interior of de State. De Somali farming communities of de hinterland from Jubba den Shebelle valleys bring demma crops to de Somali coastal cities, wey dem sell am to local merchants wey maintain a lucrative foreign commerce plus ships sailing to den wey dey come from Arabia, Persia, India, Venice, Egypt, Portugal, den as far away as Java den China.

Modern Period

Ova two centuries pass until German explorer Baron Karl Klaus von der Decken ascend for de lower reaches of de river top for de small steamship Welf for 1863 insyd. He wreck de steamship for de rapids insyd above Bardhere, wey local Somalis attack party, wey e end for de deaths of de Baron insyd den three odas for ein party insyd. De first European to explore widely den complete de course of de river be de Italian explorer Vittorio Bottego wey Commander F. G. Dundas British Navy attend am. Bottego den ein expedition sail 640 km (400 miles) of de river for 1891 insyd. During ein exploration Bottego change de name of de main affluent of Jubba—de Ganale river—for Ganale Doria insyd after de famous Italian naturalist Giacomo Doria.

Overview

Bridge ova de Jubba river for Bardhere insyd.

De Jubba basin region primarily be savanna, den be, ecologically speaking, de richest part of de country sekof ein fertile farmland. Native wildlife dey include giraffes, cheetahs, lions, leopards, hyenas, buffalos, hippopotamus, crocodiles, oryx, gazelles, camels, ostriches, jackals, den Somali wild asses.

De Jubba River dey give ein name to de Somali administrative regions of Upper Juba (Gedo, Bay, Bakool), Middle Juba den Lower Juba, as well as to de larger historical region of Jubaland. Major cities wey de Jubba River dey pass by dey include Dolow, Luuq, Burdhubo, Beled'hawo, Bardhere, Buale, den Goobweyn near Kismaayo.

Make you sanso see

• Shebelle River

References

Works cited

• Cassanelli, Lee V. (1982). The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600–1900. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-7832-3.

External links

• Map of the Jubba River basin at Water Resources eAtlas