Jump to content

Jund Hims

From Wikipedia
Jund Hims
Arab Jund
CountryAbbasid Caliphate Edit
Syria (Bilad al-Sham) den ein provinces under de Abbasid Caliphate insyd de 9th century

Jund Ḥimṣ (Arabic: جند حمص, "military district of Homs") be one of de military districts of de caliphal province of Syria.[1]

Geography

[edit | edit source]

De capital of Jund Hims be Homs, from wich de district receive ein name.[2] Ein principal urban centres insyd de 10th century be Latakia, Palmyra, Jableh, Kafartab, Tarsus, Salamiyah, Bulunyas den de Fortress of Khawabi.[3] De southern boundary line of Jund Hims lay immediately to de south of Qara, while ein northern limit lay beyond de village of al-Qurayshiyya, a village on de Mediterranean coast. Eastward be de towns of Palmyra den al-Qaryatayn.[4]

History

[edit | edit source]

After de Muslim conquest of Syria insyd de 7th century CE, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644) divide Syria into four districts, insyd wich Jund Hims cam be de northernmost district. E initially encompass de territory of Jund Hims proper, de territory of de future district of Jund Qinnasrin insyd far northern Syria, den de Jazira (i.e. Upper Mesopotamia).[5] During den immediately dey follow de Muslim conquest of de city of Homs (Emesa to de Byzantines), de city cam be home to a substantial concentration of South Arabian tribesmen from de Himyar, Hamdan, Kinda, Khawlan, Alhan den Hadhramawt groups.[6][7] Dese South Arabian tribes, wey dey exclude de Kinda, form de core of de Qahtan faction insyd Syria, wey dem be de first tribes to adopt Qahtan as a collective name, according to de historian Werner Caskel.[7] A number of de urban Ansar of Medina sanso settle insyd Homs.[7] After de conquest, tribesmen from de formerly Byzantine-allied Quda'a group of Kalb, Salih, Tanukh, den Bahra', all long-established insyd Syria before de conquests, dem settle insyd Jund Hims.[8] De original leading Muslim households of Homs be those of al-Simt ibn Aswad of Kinda, de Dhu'l-Kala of Himyar, den de family of Hawshab Dhu Zulaym of Alhan, all of whom participate insyd de conquest of Syria.[9] De head of de Dhu'l-Kala, Samayfa, lead de troops of Jund Hims on de side of Syria ein governor Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan at de Battle of Siffin against Caliph Ali (r. 656–661). Samayfa den Hawshab die insyd dat battle, wey Samayfa ein son Shurahbil succeed am as leader of de troops of Jund Hims, til Shurahbil ein death at de Battle of Khazir insyd 686.[6] Al-Simt ein son Shurahbil fi be de sub-governor of Jund Hims during Mu'awiya ein overall governorship (646–661) den/anaa caliphate (661–680).[9]

After de death of Yazid den ein son den successor, Mu'awiya II, insyd 683 den 684, de Quda'a, Kinda, Ghassan, as well as de South Arabian Akk den Ash'ar, rally behind anoda Umayyad candidate for de caliphate, Marwan I, while de Qahtan of Hims den Qays support de anti-Umayyad Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr of Mecca.[10] At de Battle of Marj Rahit insyd 684, de Qahtan den Ansar of Hims join de Qays tribal faction in opposition to de Umayyads den dema tribal allies.[7] De battle end insyd a rout for de anti-Umayyad forces, buh soon afterward de Qahtan, Quda'a, Kinda, Judham den oda ally to form de Yaman (Yemeni) faction, in opposition to de Qays, wey maintain dema rebellion from de Jazira.[11]

Insyd de later Umayyad period, during den after de Third Fitna, de troops of Hims be ill-disposed to de dynasty.[12] Upon hearing of de death of al-Walid II (r. 743–744), dem refuse to recognize ein successor Yazid III (r. 744–744) wey dem elect Mu'awiya ibn Yazid, a grandson of Husayn ibn Numayr of de Sakun clan of Kinda as dema leader. Although Yazid put down de revolt, he offer de tribal nobility of Hims significant sums wey he appoint Mu'awiya ibn Yazid governor.[13] After Yazid ein death, de troops of Hims refuse to accept de legitimacy of Caliph Ibrahim (r. 744–744) wey dem rebel against Caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750),[12] though de household of Husayn ibn Numayr back am.[13]

Governors

[edit | edit source]

Rashidun period (638–661)

[edit | edit source]
  • Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri (639–641)[14]
  • Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hidhyam al-Jumahi (641–642)[14][15]
  • Umayr ibn Sa'd al-Ansari (642–646)[14]
  • Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (646–661)[16]
    • Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (at least 653/654[17]–666)

Umayyad period (661–750)

[edit | edit source]
  • Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari (666[18]–678;[19] he govern under Mu'awiya I)
  • Malik ibn Hubayra al-Sakuni (undetermined period insyd 661–680; he govern under Mu'awiya I)[20]
  • Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni (680–683;[20] he govern under Caliph Yazid I)
  • Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari (684–684;[21] he govern under de Mecca-based claimant to de caliphate Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr[20])
  • Khalid ibn Yazid (684–685;[22] son of Yazid I, he govern under ein Umayyad kinsman Caliph Marwan I[20])
    • Aban ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba (684–685;[22] he fi serve as Khalid ein deputy)[20]
  • Aban ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba (685–691;[20] he govern under ein distant Umayyad kinsman Caliph Abd al-Malik)[23]
  • Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik (c. 703–704)[22]
  • Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid (705–715)[24]
  • Yazid ibn Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni (717–720)[25]
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Qa'qa ibn Khulayd al-Absi (undetermined period insyd 724–743)[26]
  • Marwan ibn Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik den/anaa Uthman ibn al-Walid ibn Yazid (743–744)[27]
  • Mu'awiya ibn Yazid ibn Husayn al-Sakuni (744–745)[13][28]
  • Abd Allah ibn Shajara al-Kindi (745)[28]
  • Sa'id ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (745; rebel governor give Sulayman ibn Hisham)[29]

Abbasid period

[edit | edit source]
  • Abd Allah ibn Ali (750–753)[30]
  • Salih ibn Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn Abbas (756–757)[31]
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (793–795)
  • Ishaq ibn Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn Abbas (809)[32]
  • Abd Allah ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (809–810)[32]
  • Al-Mu'ayyad (854–855)[33]
  • Salih al-Abbasi al-Turki (855–856)[34]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ Album, Stephen; Goodwin, Tony (2001). Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean: The Pre-Reform Coinage of the Early Islamic Period. Oxford, England: Ashmolean Museum. pp. 84–85. ISBN 1-85444-173-6.
  2. ↑ le Strange 1890, p. 35.
  3. ↑ le Strange 1890, p. 35–36.
  4. ↑ le Strange 1890, p. 36.
  5. ↑ Hinds 1993, p. 264.
  6. 1 2 Madelung 1986, pp. 141–142.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Crone 1994, p. 45.
  8. ↑ Madelung 1986, p. 142.
  9. 1 2 Madelung 1986, p. 141.
  10. ↑ Crone 1980, p. 34.
  11. ↑ Crone 1994, p. 46.
  12. 1 2 Madelung 1986, p. 147.
  13. 1 2 3 Crone 1980, p. 97.
  14. 1 2 3 Humphreys 1990, p. 72.
  15. ↑ Ritter 2013, p. 805.
  16. ↑ Humphreys 1990, p. 74.
  17. ↑ Humphreys 1990, p. 119.
  18. ↑ Crone 1980, p. 226, note 234.
  19. ↑ Wellhausen 1927, p. 130.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gundelfinger & Verkinderen 2020, p. 97.
  21. ↑ Hawting 1989, p. 56.
  22. 1 2 3 Crone 1980, p. 124.
  23. ↑ Dixon 1969, p. 173.
  24. ↑ Crone 1980, p. 125.
  25. ↑ Crone 1980, p. 127.
  26. ↑ Hillenbrand 1989, p. 136.
  27. ↑ Crone 1980, p. 129.
  28. 1 2 Williams 1985, p. 3.
  29. ↑ Williams 1985, p. 23.
  30. ↑ Williams 1985, pp. 198, 204, 208.
  31. ↑ McAuliffe 1995, p. 75.
  32. 1 2 Fishbein 1992, p. 21.
  33. ↑ Kraemer 1989, pp. 96–97.
  34. ↑ Kraemer 1989, pp. 133–134.
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jund_Hims&oldid=91727"