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Khalid bin Saud Al Saud (1811–1865)

From Wikipedia
Khalid bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
human
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Ein country of citizenshipSaudi Arabia Edit
Ein date of birth2. millennium Edit
Date wey edie1861 Edit
Ein poppieSaud al-Kabeer Edit
FamilyHouse of Saud Edit
Native languageArabic Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signArabic Edit
Ein occupationimam Edit

Khalid bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: خالد بن سعود بن عبد العزيز آل سعود; 1811–1865) rule de Second Saudi State, dem know as de Emirate of Najd, for three years, from 1838 to 1841.[1][2] Ein reign be part of plans by Muhammad Ali Pasha, ruler of Egypt, to dominate Arabia dey follow ein capture of Syria insyd 1831.[3] Khalid be de great-grandson of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of de Al Saud dynasty,[4] den second cousin of Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah, anoda ruler of de Second Saudi State.[5]

Early life

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Na dem born Khalid insyd 1811.[6] Na he be de youngest son of Saud bin Abdulaziz den de bro of Abdullah bin Saud wey dem behead insyd Istanbul insyd 1819.[7][8] Khalid get four oda brothers: Mishari, Turki, Nasser den Saad.[9][10] Dey follow de capture of Diriyah den of ein elder bro Abdullah, ruler of Diriyah, na dem send Khalid den ein family to Egypt insyd May 1819.[11][12] Insyd de same incident na dem kill ein three bros by Ibrahim Pasha. Khalid stay for nearly eighteen years insyd Egypt[10][13] wer na he be educated under de patronage of Muhammad Ali Pasha.[14]

Khalid return to Riyadh insyd late 1836[11][15] anaa insyd May 1837.[10][16] Muhammad Ali Pasha order de governor of Medina, Ismail Pasha, to provide Khalid military assistance, den then Khalid initiate ein advance into Qasim.

Reign den death

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Khalid den ein cousin, Faisal bin Turki, fight insyd Riyadh insyd 1838, wey Khalid defeat Faisal.[15] Then dem arrest Faisal by de Ottoman forces thru Egyptians wey dem send am to Cairo.[2] As a result, dem name Khalid as de ruler by de Ottomans.[14] In fact, de Ottomans appoint am as dema Riyadh deputy.[17] Although na der be no revolt against Khalid ein rule among locals, de Wahhabi figures den de members of de Al Sheikh family no declare dema allegiance to am.[3][12] Instead, dem flee Riyadh wey dem move to Al Hariq wer de Egyptian forces no dey exist.

Locals insyd Al Qassim announce dema loyalty to Khalid, buh at de same time dem begin to gain dema independence from de Emirate of Najd during Khalid ein reign.[13] Secof at de beginning of ein rule Al Qassim leaders sign an agreement, London Convention, plus de Ottoman Empire thru wich dem secure de removal of de Egyptian pashas from dema region. Khalid sanso manage get power insyd de Eastern regions wey he send Saad bin Mutlaq to Oman to take de region, buh ein attempt no be success.[18] Insyd 1840 Khalid send a letter to de British resident insyd Bahrain wey dey ask to revive de relations plus de British wey exist, buh na dem no give am a positive response.[19]

References

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  1. ↑ Nabil Mouline (April–June 2010). "Power and Generational Transition in Saudi Arabia". Critique Internationale. 46. doi:10.3917/crii.046.0125.
  2. 1 2 Roby C. Barrett (June 2015). "Saudi Arabia: Modernity, Stability, and the Twenty-First Century Monarchy" (Report). Joint Special Operations University. p. 22. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  3. 1 2 David Commins (2006). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia (PDF). New York: I. B. Tauris. p. 46. ISBN 9781848850149. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2021.
  4. ↑ Valerie Anishchenkova (2020). Modern Saudi Arabia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4408-5705-8.
  5. ↑ Cees Roffelsen (27 May 2020). "The Emergence of the Saudi States". Medium. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  6. ↑ William Ochsenwald (1984). Religion, Society and the State in Arabia: The Hijaz under Ottoman control, 1840-1908. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. pp. 135, 161. hdl:1811/24661. ISBN 0814203663.
  7. ↑ Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1993). Political and religious origins of Saudi Arabia (PDF) (MA thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 73.
  8. ↑ Peter Hobday (1986). Saudi Arabia Today. An Introduction to the Richest Oil Power (2nd ed.). London: The Macmillan Press. p. 20. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-03214-3. ISBN 978-0-333-21471-8.
  9. ↑ Zamil Muhammad Al Rashid (1980). A Study of Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabia and 'Uman (1800-1971) (MA thesis). McGill University. p. 184. OCLC 896879473.
  10. 1 2 3 P. J. L. Frankl (1994). "Lieutenant Jopp's Report on a Visit to Hufuf, 1257/1841". In R. B. Serjeant; R. L. Bidwell; G. Rex Smith (eds.). New Arabian Studies. Vol. 1. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-85989-408-1.
  11. 1 2 Abdulaziz Mohamed Hasan Ali Al Khalifa (April 2013). Relentless Warrior and Shrewd Tactician: Shaikh Abdullah bin Ahmad of Bahrain 1795-1849 A Case Study of Shaikhly Statecraft in the Nineteenth Century Gulf (PhD thesis). University of Exeter. p. 171. hdl:10871/12461.
  12. 1 2 R. Bayly Winder (1965). Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 108, 111. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-81723-8. ISBN 9780333055410.
  13. 1 2 Abdulmohsen Saleh A. Alreshoodi (2019). A comparison of Al Qassim viewed through British eyes and local sources: 1862-1918 (PhD thesis). Bangor University. pp. 15–16. ProQuest 2322000711.
  14. 1 2 Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1997). Saudi Arabia under King Faisal (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 42.
  15. 1 2 J. B. Kelly (July 1965). "Mehemet 'Ali's Expedition to the Persian Gulf 1837-1840, Part I". Middle Eastern Studies. 1 (4): 354. doi:10.1080/00263206508700024. JSTOR 4282130.
  16. ↑ Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Harvard University. p. 23. ProQuest 303295482.
  17. ↑ Christopher Keesee Mellon (May 2015). "Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy: 1745-1975" (Master's Project). The American University of Beirut. Beirut: 64. hdl:10938/10663. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  18. ↑ Alexei Vassiliev (2013). The History of Saudi Arabia. London: Saqi. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-86356-779-7.
  19. ↑ Jacob Goldberg (1986). The Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia. The Formative Years. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 21. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674281844.c1. ISBN 9780674281844.
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