Legionnaires' disease
| Dem name after | 1976 Philadelphia legionellosis outbreak  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | Legionella pneumophila |
| Health specialty | infectious diseases, pulmonology |
| Possible treatment | antibiotic, oxygen therapy, detoxification |
| ICD-9-CM | 482.84 |
| ICPC 2 ID | R81 |
Legionnaires' disease be a form of atypical pneumonia wey be caused by any species of Legionella bacteria,[1] quite often Legionella pneumophila. Signs den symptoms dey include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, den headaches.[2] Nausea, vomiting, den diarrhea sanso fi occur.[3] Dis often dey begin 2–10 days after exposure.[2]
A legionellosis be any disease wey be caused by Legionella, wey dey include Legionnaires' disease (a pneumonia) den Pontiac fever (a related upper respiratory tract infection),[4] buh Legionnaires' disease be de most common, so mentions of legionellosis dem often refer to Legionnaires' disease.
Legionella be found naturally insyd fresh water.[5] E fi contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, den cooling towers of large air conditioners.[5] Typically, e be spread by breathing in mist wey dey contain Legionella, den sanso fi occur wen contaminated water be aspirated.[5] E typically no dey spread directly between people, den chaw people wey be exposed no cam be infected.[5] Risk factors give infection dey include older age, a history of smoking, chronic lung disease, den poor immune function.[6][7] Those plus severe pneumonia den those plus pneumonia den a recent travel history for be tested for de disease.[8] Diagnosis be by a urinary antigen test den sputum culture.[9]
No vaccine be available.[10] Prevention dey depend on good maintenance of water systems.[10] Treatment of Legionnaires' disease be commonly conducted plus antibiotics.[11] Recommended agents dey include fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, anaa doxycycline.[12] Hospitalization often be required.[13] De fatality rate be around 10% for previously healthy people, buh up to 25% insyd those plus underlying conditions.[11]
De numbers of cases wey occur globally no be known.[3] Legionnaires' disease be de cause of an estimated 2–9% of pneumonia cases wey be acquired outsyd of a hospital.[3] An estimated 8,000 to 18,000 cases a year insyd de United States require hospitalization.[14] Outbreaks of disease dey account for a minority of cases.[3][15] While e fi occur any time of de year, e be more common insyd de summer den autumn.[14] Dem name de disease after de outbreak wer e first identified, at a 1976 American Legion convention insyd Philadelphia.[16]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) About the Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- 1 2 "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Signs and Symptoms". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Cunha BA, Burillo A, Bouza E (23 January 2016). "Legionnaires' disease". Lancet. 387 (10016): 376–385. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60078-2. PMID 26231463. S2CID 28047369.
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (21st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 2022. pp. 1249. ISBN 978-1-264-26850-4.
- 1 2 3 4 "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Causes and Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) People at Risk". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ "Legionella: Causes, How it Spreads, and People at Increased Risk". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 30 April 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Diagnostic Testing". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 3 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- 1 2 "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Prevention". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- 1 2 "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Treatment and Complications". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. (1 March 2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 (Suppl 2): S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMC 7107997. PMID 17278083.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Clinical Features". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- 1 2 "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) History and Disease Patterns". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) Prevention". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ↑ "Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
External links
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