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Leptospirosis

From Wikipedia
leptospirosis
infectious disease, class of disease
Subclass ofprimary bacterial infectious disease, spirochetal diseases, disease, pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases Edit
Dem name afterAdolf Weil Edit
Has causeLeptospira interrogans Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Disease transmission processcontact transmission Edit
ICD-9-CM100, 100.0, 100.9 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC84825 Edit

Leptospirosis be a blood infection wey bacteria of de genus Leptospira cause[1] wey fi infect humans, dogs, rodents, den chaw oda wild den domesticated animals.[1] Signs den symptoms fi range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, den fevers) to severe (bleeding insyd de lungs anaa meningitis).[2] Weil's disease (/ˈvaɪlz/ VILES),[3] de acute, severe form of leptospirosis, dey cause de infected individual make e cam be jaundiced (skin den eyes cam be yellow), develop kidney failure, den bleed.[4] Bleeding from de lungs dem associate plus leptospirosis be known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.[2]

More dan 10 genetic types of Leptospira dey cause disease insyd humans.[5] Both wild den domestic animals fi spread de disease, chaw commonly be rodents.[1] De bacteria be spread to humans thru animal urine anaa feces, anaa water anaa soil dem contaminate plus animal urine den feces, wey dey cam into contact plus de eyes, mouth, anaa nose, anaaa breaks insyd de skin.[1] Insyd developing countries, de disease dey occur most commonly insyd pest control, farmers, den low-income people wey dey live insyd areas plus poor sanitation.[2] Insyd developed countries, e dey occur during heavy downpours wey e be a risk to pest controllers, sewage workers,[6] den those dem involve insyd outdoor activities insyd warm den wet areas.[2] Diagnosis typically be by testing for antibodies against de bacteria anaa finding bacterial DNA insyd de blood.[2]

Efforts to prevent de disease dey include protective equipment to block contact wen working plus potentially infected animals, washing after contact, den reducing rodents insyd areas wer people dey live den work.[7] De antibiotic doxycycline be effective in preventing leptospirosis infection.[7] Human vaccines be of limited usefulness;[8] vaccines give oda animals be more widely available.[9] Treatment wen infected be plus antibiotics such as doxycycline, penicillin, anaa ceftriaxone.[1] De overall risk of death be 5–10%,[10] buh wen de lungs be involved, de risk of death dey increase to de range of 50–70%.[1]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lane AB, Dore MM (2016). "Leptospirosis: A clinical review of evidence-based diagnosis, treatment and prevention". World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 6 (4): 61. doi:10.5495/wjcid.v6.i4.61. ISSN 2220-3176.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Soo ZM, Khan NA, Siddiqui R (January 2020). "Leptospirosis: Increasing importance in developing countries". Acta Tropica. 201 105183. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105183. PMID 31542372.
  3. ↑ "Rats / RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. 6 November 2025.
  4. ↑ McBride, Alan J. A.; Athanazio, Daniel A.; Reis, Mitermayer G.; Ko, Albert I. (October 2005). "Leptospirosis". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 18 (5): 376–386. doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c. ISSN 0951-7375. PMID 16148523.
  5. ↑ Picardeau M (May 2017). "Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita?". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 15 (5): 297–307. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5. PMID 28260786. S2CID 11626842.
  6. ↑ Chan, O. Y.; Chia, S. E.; Nadarajah, N.; Sng, E. H. (16 October 1987). "Leptospirosis Risk in Public Cleansing and Sewer Workers". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 16 (4): 586–90. PMID 3446001.
  7. 1 2 Karpagam KB, Ganesh B (January 2020). "Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance-an updated review". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 39 (5): 835–846. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03797-4. PMID 31898795. S2CID 209669669.
  8. ↑ Teixeira AF; Fernandes LG; Cavenague MF; et al. (2019). "Adjuvanted leptospiral vaccines: Challenges and future development of new leptospirosis vaccines". Vaccine. 37 (30): 3961–73. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.087. PMID 31186193. S2CID 186204949.
  9. ↑ Ellis WA (2015). "Animal Leptospirosis". Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 387. pp. 99–137. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_6. ISBN 978-3-662-45058-1. PMID 25388134.
  10. ↑ Evangelista KV, Coburn J (September 2010). "Leptospira as an emerging pathogen: a review of its biology, pathogenesis and host immune responses". Future Microbiology. 5 (9): 1413–25. doi:10.2217/fmb.10.102. PMC 3037011. PMID 20860485.
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