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Leukemia

From Wikipedia
leukemia
class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofhematologic cancer, myeloproliferative disorders, disease Edit
Health specialtyhematology Edit
Anatomical locationbone marrow, blood Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/leukemia_2 Edit
ICPC 2 IDB73 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC3161 Edit

Leukemia (dem sanso spell leukaemia; dem pronounce /luːˈkiːmiːə/ loo-KEE-mee-ə) ) be a group of blood cancers wey dey usually begin insyd de bone marrow den dey produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells.[1] Dese blood cells no be fully developed wey e be called blasts anaa leukemia cells.[2] Symptoms fi include bleeding den bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, den an increased risk of infections.[2] Dese symptoms dey occur secof a lack of normal blood cells.[2] Dem typically dey make diagnosis by blood tests anaa bone marrow biopsy.[2]

De exact cause of leukemia be unknown.[3] Dem dey believe a combination of genetic factors den environmental (non-inherited) factors to play a role.[3] Risk factors dey include smoking, ionizing radiation, petrochemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, den Down syndrome.[3][4] People plus a family history of leukemia sanso be at higher risk.[4] Der be four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) den chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—den a number of less common types.[4][5] Leukemias den lymphomas both dey belong to a broader group of tumors wey dey affect de blood, bone marrow, den lymphoid system, dem know as tumors of de hematopoietic den lymphoid tissues.[6][7]

Treatment fi involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, den bone marrow transplant, plus dem provide supportive den palliative care as dem hia.[4][8] Certain types of leukemia fi be managed plus watchful waiting.[4] De success of treatment dey depend on de type of leukemia den de age of de person. Na outcomes improve insyd de developed world.[5] Na five-year survival rate be 67% insyd de United States insyd de period from 2014 to 2020.[9] Insyd kiddies under 15 insyd first-world countries, de five-year survival rate be greater dan 60% anaa even 90%, wey dey depend on de type of leukemia. For infants (those dem diagnose under de age of 1), de survival rate be around 40%.[10] Insyd kiddies wey be cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, de cancer be unlikely to return.[10]

Insyd 2015, na leukemia be present insyd 2.3 million people worldwide wey e cause 353,500 deaths.[11][12] Insyd 2012, na e newly develop insyd 352,000 people.[5] E be de most common type of cancer insyd kiddies, plus three-quarters of leukemia cases insyd kiddies e be de acute lymphoblastic type.[4] However, na dem diagnose over 90% of all leukemias insyd adults, CLL den AML be most common.[4][13] E dey occur more commonly insyd de developed world.[5]

References

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  1. ↑ "Leukemia". NCI. 1 January 1980. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014. Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells
  2. 1 2 3 4 "What You lNeed To Know About Leukemia". National Cancer Institute. 23 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Hutter JJ (June 2010). "Childhood leukemia". Pediatrics in Review. 31 (6): 234–241. doi:10.1542/pir.31-6-234. PMID 20516235. S2CID 207170780.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "A Snapshot of Leukemia". NCI. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "5.13 Haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies". World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. 482–494. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  6. ↑ Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, Harris NL, Le Beau MM, Hellström-Lindberg E, Tefferi A, Bloomfield CD (July 2009). "The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes". Blood. 114 (5): 937–951. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262. PMID 19357394. S2CID 3101472.
  7. ↑ Baba AI, Câtoi C, eds. (2007). Comparative oncology. Bucharest: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. p. Chapter 17. ISBN 978-973-27-1457-7. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Cordo' V, van der Zwet JC, Canté-Barrett K, Pieters R, Meijerink JP (January 2021). "T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Roadmap to Targeted Therapies". Blood Cancer Discovery. 2 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-20-0093. PMC 8447273. PMID 34661151.
  9. ↑ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Leukemia". National Cancer Institute. 2024. Updated as required.
  10. 1 2 American Cancer Society (2 March 2014). "Survival rates for childhood leukemia". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; Kemmer, Laura (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  12. ↑ Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foreman, Kyle; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fraser, Maya S.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Huynh, Chantal; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  13. ↑ "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) — Hematology and Oncology". MSD Manual Professional Edition (in English). Retrieved 2020-02-01.
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