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Leukemia

From Wikipedia
leukemia
class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofhematologic cancer, myeloproliferative disorders, disease Edit
Official nameleukemia, 白血病 Edit
Health specialtyhematology Edit
Anatomical locationbone marrow, blood Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/leukemia_2 Edit
ICPC 2 IDB73 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC3161 Edit

Leukemia (dem sanso spell leukaemia; dem pronounce /luːˈkiːmiːə/ loo-KEE-mee-ə) ) be a group of blood cancers wey dey usually begin insyd de bone marrow den dey produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells.[1] Dese blood cells no be fully developed wey e be called blasts anaa leukemia cells.[2] Symptoms fi include bleeding den bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, den an increased risk of infections.[2] Dese symptoms dey occur secof a lack of normal blood cells.[2] Dem typically dey make diagnosis by blood tests anaa bone marrow biopsy.[2]

De exact cause of leukemia be unknown.[3] Dem dey believe a combination of genetic factors den environmental (non-inherited) factors to play a role.[3] Risk factors dey include smoking, ionizing radiation, petrochemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, den Down syndrome.[3][4] People plus a family history of leukemia sanso be at higher risk.[4] Der be four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) den chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—den a number of less common types.[4][5] Leukemias den lymphomas both dey belong to a broader group of tumors wey dey affect de blood, bone marrow, den lymphoid system, dem know as tumors of de hematopoietic den lymphoid tissues.[6][7]

Treatment fi involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, den bone marrow transplant, plus dem provide supportive den palliative care as dem hia.[4][8] Certain types of leukemia fi be managed plus watchful waiting.[4] De success of treatment dey depend on de type of leukemia den de age of de person. Na outcomes improve insyd de developed world.[5] Na five-year survival rate be 67% insyd de United States insyd de period from 2014 to 2020.[9] Insyd kiddies under 15 insyd first-world countries, de five-year survival rate be greater dan 60% anaa even 90%, wey dey depend on de type of leukemia. For infants (those dem diagnose under de age of 1), de survival rate be around 40%.[10] Insyd kiddies wey be cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, de cancer be unlikely to return.[10]

Insyd 2015, na leukemia be present insyd 2.3 million people worldwide wey e cause 353,500 deaths.[11][12] Insyd 2012, na e newly develop insyd 352,000 people.[5] E be de most common type of cancer insyd kiddies, plus three-quarters of leukemia cases insyd kiddies e be de acute lymphoblastic type.[4] However, na dem diagnose over 90% of all leukemias insyd adults, CLL den AML be most common.[4][13] E dey occur more commonly insyd de developed world.[5]

References

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  1. ↑ "Leukemia". NCI. 1 January 1980. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014. Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells
  2. 1 2 3 4 "What You lNeed To Know About Leukemia". National Cancer Institute. 23 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Hutter JJ (June 2010). "Childhood leukemia". Pediatrics in Review. 31 (6): 234–241. doi:10.1542/pir.31-6-234. PMID 20516235. S2CID 207170780.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "A Snapshot of Leukemia". NCI. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "5.13 Haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies". World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. 482–494. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  6. ↑ Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, Harris NL, Le Beau MM, Hellström-Lindberg E, Tefferi A, Bloomfield CD (July 2009). "The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes". Blood. 114 (5): 937–951. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-03-209262. PMID 19357394. S2CID 3101472.
  7. ↑ Baba AI, Câtoi C, eds. (2007). Comparative oncology. Bucharest: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. p. Chapter 17. ISBN 978-973-27-1457-7. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Cordo' V, van der Zwet JC, Canté-Barrett K, Pieters R, Meijerink JP (January 2021). "T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Roadmap to Targeted Therapies". Blood Cancer Discovery. 2 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-20-0093. PMC 8447273. PMID 34661151.
  9. ↑ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Leukemia". National Cancer Institute. 2024. Updated as required.
  10. 1 2 American Cancer Society (2 March 2014). "Survival rates for childhood leukemia". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; Kemmer, Laura (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  12. ↑ Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foreman, Kyle; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fraser, Maya S.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Huynh, Chantal; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  13. ↑ "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) — Hematology and Oncology". MSD Manual Professional Edition (in English). Retrieved 2020-02-01.
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