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Lung cancer

From Wikipedia
lung cancer
class of disease
Subclass ofrespiratory system cancer, lung disease, lung neoplasm, disease Edit
Has effectdeath Edit
Studied bypulmonology Edit
Health specialtyoncology, pulmonology Edit
Medical examinationradiography, computed tomography, bronchoscopy, biopsy Edit
Anatomical locationhuman lung Edit
Risk factorsmoking Edit
ICD-9-CM162.3, 162.5, 162.8, 162.4 Edit
ICPC 2 IDR84 Edit
Wikimedia import URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer Edit

Lung cancer, dem sanso call lung carcinoma, be a malignant tumor wey dey originate insyd de tissues of de lungs. Lung cancer be caused by genetic damage to de DNA of cells insyd de airways, often be caused by cigarette smoking anaa inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells dey gain de ability to multiply unchecked, wey dey cause de growth of a tumor. Widout treatment, tumors dey spread thru out de lung, wey dey damage lung function. Eventually lung tumors metastasize, wey dey spread to oda parts of de body.

Early lung cancer often get no symptoms wey dem only fi detect am by medical imaging. As de cancer dey progress, chaw people dey experience nonspecific respiratory problems: coughing, shortness of breath, anaa chest pain. Oda symptoms dey depend on de location den size of de tumor. Those wey dem suspect dem get lung cancer typically dey undergo a series of imaging tests to determine de location den extent of any tumors. Definitive diagnosis of lung cancer dey require a biopsy of de suspected tumor wey be examined by a pathologist under a microscope. In addition to recognizing cancerous cells, a pathologist fi classify de tumor according to de type of cells e dey originate from. Around 15% of cases be small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), den de remaining 85% (de non-small-cell lung cancers anaa NSCLC) be adenocarcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, den large-cell carcinomas. After diagnosis, dem fi do further imaging and biopsies to determine de cancer ein stage based on how far na e spread.

Treatment for early stage lung cancer dey include surgery to remove de tumor, sam times be followed by radiation therapy den chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. Later stage cancer be treated plus radiation therapy den chemotherapy alongsyd drug treatments wey dey target specific cancer subtypes. Even plus treatment, around 20% of people per survive five years on from dema diagnosis.[1] Survival rates be higher insyd those dem diagnose at an earlier stage, dem diagnose at a younger age, den insyd women compared to men.

Chaw lung cancer cases be caused by tobacco smoking. De remainder be caused by exposure to hazardous substances like asbestos den radon gas, anaa by genetic mutations wey arise by chance. Consequently, lung cancer prevention efforts dey encourage people make dem avoid hazardous chemicals den quit smoking. Quitting smoking both dey reduce one ein chance of developing lung cancer den dey improve treatment outcomes insyd those dem already diagnose plus lung cancer.

Lung cancer be de most diagnosed den deadliest cancer worldwide, plus 2.2 million cases insyd 2020 wey dey result in 1.8 million deaths.[2] Lung cancer be rare insyd those younger dan 40; de average age at diagnosis be 70 years, den de average age at death 72.[3] Incidence den outcomes dey vary widely across de world, wey dey depend on patterns of tobacco use. Prior to de advent of cigarette smoking insyd de 20th century, na lung cancer be a rare disease. Insyd de 1950s den 1960s, na increasing evidence link lung cancer den tobacco use, wey dey culminate in declarations by chaw large national health bodies wey dem discourage tobacco use.

References

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  1. ↑ Rivera, Mody & Weiner 2022, "Introduction".
  2. ↑ Sung et al. 2021, "Lung cancer".
  3. ↑ Bade & Dela Cruz 2020, "Age".

Dem cite

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Books

  • Adler I (1912). Primary Malignant Growths of the Lungs and Bronchi. New York: Longmans, Green, and Company. OCLC 14783544. OL 24396062M.
  • Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al., eds. (2022). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323655873.
    • Balmes JR, Holm SM (2022). "Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1423–1434.
    • Christiani DC, Amos CI (2022). "Lung Cancer: Epidemiology". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1018–1028.
    • Massion PP, Lehman JM (2022). "Lung Cancer: Molecular Biology and Targets". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1005–1017.
    • Pastis NJ, Gonzalez AV, Silvestri GA (2022). "Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Staging". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1039–1051.
    • Rivera P, Mody GN, Weiner AA (2022). "Lung Cancer: Treatment". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1052–1065.
    • Tanoue L, Mazzone PJ, Tanner NT (2022). "Lung Cancer: Screening". In Broaddus C, Ernst JD, King TE, et al. (eds.). Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1029–1038.
  • European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation.; European Commission Group of Chief Scientific Advisors. (2022). Cancer screening in the European Union. Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2777/867180. ISBN 978-92-76-45603-2.
  • Horn L, Iams WT (2022). "78: Neoplasms of the Lung". In Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, et al. (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (21st ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-1264268504.
  • Morgensztern D, Boffa D, Chen A, Dhanasopon A, Goldberg SB, Decker RH, Devarakonda S, Ko JP, Solis Soto LM, Waqar SN, Wistuba II, Herbst RS (April 2023). "80: Cancer of the Lung". In Bast RC, Byrd JC, Croce CM, et al. (eds.). Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine (10th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-75068-0.
  • Salahuddin M, Ost DE (2023). "110: Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Nodules". In Grippi MA, Antin-Ozerkis DE, Dela Cruz CS, et al. (eds.). Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders (6th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-1260473988.

Journal articles

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