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Macular degeneration

From Wikipedia
macular degeneration
type of disease
Subclass ofretinal degeneration, maculopathy, blindness Edit
Health specialtyophthalmology Edit
Hashtagmacular-degeneration Edit

Macular degeneration, dem sanso know as age-related macular degeneration (AMD anaa ARMD), be an eye disease wey gradually dey damage de macula, de small central part of de retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. E mainly dey affect older adults wey fi make tasks like reading, driving, recognizing faces, anaa seeing fine details difficult. Wet ARMD be wen abnormal blood vessels grow under de macula den leak fluid anaa blood, damaging de retina wey dey cause rapid loss of central vision. Dry AMRD be wen de macula gradually thins den small deposits dem call drusen build up, wey dey lead to a slow loss of central vision.

Macular degeneration typically dey occur insyd older people, wey be caused by damage to de macula of de retina. Genetic factors den smoking fi play a role. De condition be diagnosed thru a complete eye exam. Severity be divided into early, intermediate, den late types.[1] De late type be additionally divided into "dry" den "wet" forms, plus de dry form dey make up 90% of cases.[1][2]

De difference between de two forms be categorized by de change insyd de macula. Those plus dry-form AMD get drusen, cellular debris insyd dema macula wey gradually dey damage light-sensitive cells den dey lead to vision loss. Insyd wet-form AMD, blood vessels grow under de macula, wey dey cause blood den fluid to leak into de retina.[3]

Exercising, dey chop well, den no dey smoke fi reduce de risk of macular degeneration.[1] No cure anaa treatment dey restore de vision already lost.[1] Insyd de wet form, anti–vascular endothelial growth factor dem inject into de eye anaa, less commonly, laser coagulation anaa photodynamic therapy fi slow worsening.[1] Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, den carotenoids no dey appear to affect de onset;[4] however, dietary supplements fi slow de progression insyd those wey already get de disease.[4]

As of 2022, e dey affect more dan 200 million people globally plus de prevalence dem expect to increase to 300 million people by 2040 as de proportion of elderly persons insyd de population increases.[5][6] E be more common insyd those of European anaa North American ancestry, wey e be about equally common insyd males den females.[5][7] Insyd 2013, na e be de fourth most common cause of blindness, after cataracts, preterm birth, den glaucoma.[8] E most commonly dey occur insyd people over de age of fifty den insyd de United States be de most common cause of vision loss insyd dis age group.[9][10] About 0.4% of people between 50 den 60 get de disease, while e dey occur insyd 0.7% of people 60 to 70, 2.3% of those 70 to 80, den nearly 12% of people over 80 years old.[10]

Society den culture

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Among notable cases be:

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration". National Eye Institute. June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  2. ↑ Mehta S (September 2015). "Age-Related Macular Degeneration". Primary Care. 42 (3): 377–91. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.009. PMID 26319344.
  3. ↑ "Age-Related Macular Degeneration". WebMD (in English). Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  4. 1 2 Evans, Jennifer R; Lawrenson, John G (13 September 2023). Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group (ed.). "Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (in English). 2023 (9) CD000254. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5. PMC 10498493. PMID 37702300.
  5. 1 2 Apte, RS (5 August 2021). "Age-Related Macular Degeneration". www.semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 2026-07-22.
  6. ↑ Vyawahare, Hrishikesh; Shinde, Pranaykumar (2022). "Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Cureus. 14 (9) e29583. doi:10.7759/cureus.29583. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 9595233. PMID 36312607.
  7. ↑ AMDF (2016-05-18). "Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration - AMDF" (in American English). Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  8. ↑ Vos, Theo; Barber, Ryan M.; Bell, Brad; Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia; Biryukov, Stan; Bolliger, Ian; Charlson, Fiona; Davis, Adrian; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dicker, Daniel; Duan, Leilei; Erskine, Holly; Feigin, Valery L.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Thomas; Graetz, Nicholas; Guinovart, Caterina; Haagsma, Juanita; Hansen, Gillian M.; Hanson, Sarah Wulf; Heuton, Kyle R.; Higashi, Hideki; Kassebaum, Nicholas; Kyu, Hmwe; Laurie, Evan; Liang, Xiofeng; Lofgren, Katherine; Lozano, Rafael; MacIntyre, Michael F. (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". The Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  9. ↑ "Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration". National Eye Institute. June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  10. 1 2 Mehta S (September 2015). "Age-Related Macular Degeneration". Primary Care. 42 (3): 377–91. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.009. PMID 26319344.
  11. ↑ "Judi Dench 'can't read any more due to failing eyesight Archived 2016-10-19 at the Wayback Machine", The Guardian, 23 February 2014
  12. ↑ "Joan bows out to a standing ovation Archived 2016-04-20 at the Wayback Machine", The Guardian, 13 May 2014
  13. ↑ "Patrons of the Macular Society Archived 2013-02-08 at the Wayback Machine", Macular Society. (notable for doing the voice of Wallace from Wallace and Gromit until 2012)
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