Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

human

Ein sex anaa gender	male
Ein country of citizenship	United States
Name in native language	Martin Luther King Jr.
Birth name	Michael King Jr.
Name wey dem give am	Martin, Luther
Family name	King
Ein date of birth	15 January 1929
Place dem born am	Atlanta
Date wey edie	4 April 1968
Place wey edie	St. Joseph's Hospital, Memphis
Manner of death	homicide
Cause of death	gunshot wound
Killed by	James Earl Ray
Place wey dem bury am	Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Ein poppie	Martin Luther King Sr.
Mummie	Alberta Williams King
Sibling	Christine King Farris, A. D. King
Spouse	Coretta Scott King
Kiddie	Yolanda King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, Bernice King
Relative	Alveda King
Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign	English
Writing language	English
Employer	Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Academic degree	Doctor of Philosophy
Doctoral advisor	Lotan Harold DeWolf
Honorific prefix	Reverend Doctor
Ethnic group	African Americans
Religion anaa worldview	Baptists
Feast day	Martin Luther King Jr. Day
Dey archive for	Swarthmore College Peace Collection
Dem name after	Martin Luther King Sr., Martin Luther
Movement	civil rights movement, nonviolence, labor movement in the United States, civil rights movement
Member of	American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Alpha Phi Alpha, Progressive National Baptist Convention
Political ideology	anti-racism, social democracy, democratic socialism, nonviolence
Influenced by	Reinhold Niebuhr, Howard Thurman, Walter Rauschenbusch, Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi
Significant event	I Have a Dream, March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., Nobel Peace Prize
Dem nominate for	Nobel Peace Prize
Generational suffix	L252247-F2
Dema official website	https://thekingcenter.org
Documentation files at	SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts

Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) na he be an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist den political philosopher wey na he be one of de most prominent leaders of de civil rights movement from 1955 until ein assassination insyd 1968. Na he advance civil rights give people of color insyd de United States thru de use of nonviolent resistance den nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws den oda forms of legalized discrimination.

A Black church leader, na King participate insyd den lead marches for de right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, den oda civil rights. Na he oversee de 1955 Montgomery bus boycott wey he later cam turn de first presido of de Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As presido of de SCLC, he lead de unsuccessful Albany Movement insyd Albany, Georgia, wey he help organize sam of de nonviolent 1963 protests insyd Birmingham, Alabama. Na King be one of de leaders of de 1963 March on Washington, wer na he deliver ein "I Have a Dream" speech for de steps of de Lincoln Memorial, wey he help organize two of de three Selma to Montgomery marches during de 1965 Selma voting rights movement. Na de civil rights movement achieve pivotal legislative gains insyd de Civil Rights Act of 1964, de Voting Rights Act of 1965, den de Fair Housing Act of 1968. Na der be chaw dramatic standoffs plus segregationist authorities, wey na dem often respond violently.

Na dem jail King chaw times. Na Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover consider King a radical wey he make am an object of de FBI ein COINTELPRO from 1963 dey go. FBI agents investigate am for possible communist ties, dem spy on ein personal life, wey na dem secretly record am. Insyd 1964, na de FBI mail King a threatening anonymous letter, wich na he interprete as an attempt make dem make am commit suicide. On October 14, 1964, na King win de Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality thru nonviolent resistance. Insyd ein final years, na he expand ein focus make he include opposition towards poverty den de Vietnam War.

Insyd 1968, na King dey plan a national occupation of Washington, D.C., make dem call am de Poor People's Campaign, wen na dem assassinate am on April 4 insyd Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray, a fugitive wey komot de Missouri State Penitentiary, na dem convict am of de assassination, though de King family dey believe na he be a scapegoat. After a 1999 wrongful death lawsuit ruling name unspecified "government agencies" among de co-conspirators, na a Department of Justice investigation find no evidence of a conspiracy. De assassination remain de subject of conspiracy theories. Na King ein death be followed by national mourning, as well as anger wey lead to riots insyd chaw U.S. cities. Na dem posthumously award King de Presidential Medal of Freedom insyd 1977 den de Congressional Gold Medal insyd 2003. Na dem establish Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a holiday insyd cities den states thru out de United States wey begin insyd 1971; na dem first observe de federal holiday insyd 1986. De Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for de National Mall insyd Washington, D.C., na dem dedicate am insyd 2011.

Early life den education

Birth

Na dem born Michael King Jr. on January 15, 1929, insyd Atlanta; na he be de second of three kiddies born to Michael King Sr. den Alberta King (née Williams). Na Alberta ein poppie, Adam Daniel Williams, be a minister insyd rural Georgia, wey he move to Atlanta insyd 1893, wey he cam turn pastor of de Ebenezer Baptist Church insyd de year wey dey follow. Na Williams marry Jennie Celeste Parks. Na Michael Sr. be born to sharecroppers James Albert den Delia King of Stockbridge, Georgia; na he be of Irish den likely Mende (Sierra Leone) descent. As an adolescent, na Michael Sr. lef ein parents dema farm wey he walk to Atlanta, wer na he attain a high school education, wey na he enrol insyd Morehouse College make he study for entry to de ministry. Na Michael Sr. den Alberta begin dey date insyd 1920, wey na dem marry on November 25, 1926. Til Jennie ein death insyd 1941, na dema home dey on de second floor of Alberta ein parents dema Victorian house, wer na dem born King. Na Michael Jr. get an older sisto, Christine King Farris, den a younger bro, Alfred Daniel "A. D." King.

Awards den recognition

Honorary doctorates

Na King receive chaw honorary doctorates.

• 1957: Doctor of Humane Letters, Morehouse College; Doctor of Laws, Howard University; Doctor of Divinity, Chicago Theological Seminary
• 1958: Doctor of Laws, Morgan State College; Doctor of Humanities, Central State College
• 1959: Doctor of Divinity, Boston University
• 1961: Doctor of Laws, Lincoln University; Doctor of Laws, University of Bridgeport
• 1962: Doctor of Civil Laws, Bard College
• 1963: Doctor of Letters, Keuka College
• 1964: Doctor of Divinity, Wesleyan College; Doctor of Laws, Jewish Theological Seminary; Doctor of Laws, Yale University; Doctor of Divinity, Springfield College
• 1965: Doctor of Laws, Hofstra University; Doctor of Humane Letters, Oberlin College; Doctor of Social Science, Amsterdam Free University; Doctor of Divinity, St. Peter's College
• 1967: Doctor of Civil Law, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Doctor of Laws, Grinnell College

Works

• Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (1958) ISBN 978-0-06-250490-6
• The Measure of a Man (1959) ISBN 978-0-8006-0877-4
• Strength to Love (1963) ISBN 978-0-8006-9740-2
• Why We Can't Wait (1964) ISBN 978-0-8070-0112-7
• Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967) ISBN 978-0-8070-0571-2
• The Trumpet of Conscience (1968) ISBN 978-0-8070-0170-7
• A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. (1986) ISBN 978-0-06-250931-4
• The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. (1998), ed. Clayborne Carson ISBN 978-0-446-67650-2
• "All Labor Has Dignity" (2011) ed. Michael Honey ISBN 978-0-8070-8600-1
• "Thou, Dear God": Prayers That Open Hearts and Spirits. Collection of King's prayers. (2011), ed. Lewis Baldwin ISBN 978-0-8070-8603-2
• MLK: A Celebration in Word and Image (2011). Photographed by Bob Adelman, introduced by Charles Johnson ISBN 978-0-8070-0316-9

Discography

Albums

Charted albums by Martin Luther King Jr.

Title	Year	Peak
		US Billboard 200
The Great March to Freedom	1963	141
The March on Washington		102
Freedom March on Washington		119
I Have a Dream	1968	69
The American Dream		173
In Search of Freedom		150
In the Struggle for Freedom and Human Dignity		154

Singles

Charted singles by Martin Luther King Jr.

Title	Year	Peak	Album
		US Billboard Hot 100
"I Have a Dream" (Gordy 7023 – b/w We Shall Overcome, Liz Lands)	1968	88	I Have a Dream (1968)

References

Sources

• Abernathy, Ralph (1989). And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-016192-2.
• Boyd, Herb (1996). Martin Luther King, Jr. Baronet Books. ISBN 0-86611-917-5.
• Branch, Taylor (2006). At Canaan's Edge: America In the King Years, 1965–1968. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85712-X.
• Cohen, Adam Seth; Taylor, Elizabeth (2000). Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation. Back Bay. ISBN 0-316-83489-0.
• Davis, Kenneth C. (2005). Don't Know Much About Martin Luther King Jr (in English). Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-442129-4. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
• Eig, Jonathan (2023). King: A Life. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-27929-5.
• Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Dream of Hope. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-4439-6.
• Frady, Marshall (2002). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Life. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303648-7.
• Garrow, David J. (1981). The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-006486-9.
• Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1989). Pulitzer Prize. ISBN 978-0-06-056692-0
• "James L. Bevel, The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement", a 1984 paper by Randall Kryn, published with a 1988 addendum by Kryn in Prof. David Garrow's We Shall Overcome, Volume II (Carlson Publishing Company, 1989).
• Glisson, Susan M. (2006). The Human Tradition in the Civil Rights Movement. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-4409-5.
• Herst, Burton (2007). Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-off Between the Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover that Transformed America. Carroll & Graf. ISBN 978-0-7867-1982-2.
• Jackson, Thomas F. (2006). From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Struggle for Economic Justice. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3969-0.
• King, Martin Luther Jr. (1998). Carson, Clayborne (ed.). Autobiography. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-52412-3.
• Carson, Clayborne; Luker, Ralph E.; Russell, Penny A.; Harlan, Louis R., eds. (1992). The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume I: Called to Serve, January 1929 – June 1951. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07950-7.
• Kotz, Nick (2005). Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws that Changed America. Houghton Mifflin Books. ISBN 0-618-08825-3.
• Lawson, Steven F.; Payne, Charles M.; Patterson, James T. (2006). Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945–1968. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-5109-1.
• Manheimer, Ann S. (2004). Martin Luther King Jr.: Dreaming of Equality. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 1-57505-627-5.
• Muse, Clyde (1978). The Educational Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr (in English). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
• Patterson, Lillie (1969). Martin Luther King, Jr.: man of peace. Garrard Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8116-4555-3. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
• Oates, Stephen B. (1983). Let the Trumpet Sound: A Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-452-25627-9.
• Robbins, Mary Susannah (2007). Against the Vietnam War: Writings by Activists. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5914-1.
• Rowland, Della (1990). Martin Luther King, Jr: The Dream of Peaceful Revolution (in English). Silver Burdett Press. ISBN 978-0-382-24062-1. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
• Schuman, Michael A. (2014). The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Leader for Civil Rights (in English). Enslow Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7660-6149-1. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
• Washington, James M. (1991). A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-064691-8.
• White, Clarence (1974). Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Contributions to Education as a Black Leader (1929–1968) (in English). Loyola University of Chicago. Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2020.

External links

• The King Center Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
• Martin Luther King Jr. Collection at Morehouse College Archived August 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
• The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute Archived October 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Stanford University
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Collected Papers Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine held by the Swarthmore College Peace Collection Archived September 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine

• Works by or about Martin Luther King Jr. at the Internet Archive
• Martin Luther King Jr. on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964 The quest for peace and justice
• Martin Luther King Jr.'s Nobel Peace Prize Archived March 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Civil Rights Digital Library
• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at Buffalo Archived June 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, digital collection of King's visit and speech in Buffalo, New York on November 9, 1967, from the University at Buffalo Libraries
• BBC Face to Face interview Archived February 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine with Martin Luther King and John Freeman, broadcast October 29, 1961.
• FBI file on Martin Luther King Jr.: Part 1 Archived January 16, 2023, at the Wayback Machine and Part 2 Archived January 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine