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Melanoma

From Wikipedia
melanoma
rare disease, class of disease
Subclass ofskin cancer, cell type cancer, disease Edit
Health specialtyoncology Edit
ICPC 2 IDS77 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC3224 Edit

Melanoma be a type of cancer, typically skin cancer; e dey develop from de melanin-producing cells dem know as melanocytes.[1] E typically dey occur insyd de skin, buh rarely fi occur insyd de mouth, intestines, anaa eye (uveal melanoma).[2] Insyd very rare cases melanoma sanso fi happen insyd de lung, wich be known as primary pulmonary melanoma den dey happen insyd 0.01% of primary lung tumors per.[3]

Insyd women, melanomas most commonly dey occur on de legs; while insyd men, on de back.[2] Dem frequently dey refer melanoma to as malignant melanoma. However, de medical community dey stress say der be no such thing as a 'benign melanoma' wey dem dey recommend say de term 'malignant melanoma' for be avoided as redundant.[4][5][6]

About 30% of melanomas dey develop from moles.[7] Changes insyd a mole wey fi indicate melanoma dey include increase—especially rapid increase— insyd size, irregular edges, change insyd color, itchiness, anaa skin breakdown.[1]

De primary cause of melanoma be ultraviolet light (UV) exposure insyd those plus low levels of de skin pigment melanin.[2][8] De UV light fi be from de sun anaa oda sources, such as tanning devices.[2] Those plus chaw moles, a history of affected family members, den poor immune function be at greater risk.[1] A number of rare genetic conditions, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, sanso dey increase de risk.[9] Diagnosis be by biopsy den analysis of any skin lesion wey get signs of e be potentially cancerous.[1]

Avoiding UV light den dey use sunscreen insyd UV-bright sun conditions fi prevent melanoma.[2] Treatment typically be removal by surgery of de melanoma den de potentially affected adjacent tissue wey dey border de melanoma.[1] Insyd those plus slightly larger cancers, nearby lymph nodes fi be tested for spread (metastasis).[1] Chaw people be cured if na metastasis no occur.[1] For those insyd whom na melanoma spread, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiation therapy, anaa chemotherapy fi improve survival.[1][10] Plus treatment, de five-year survival rates insyd de United States be 99% among those plus localized disease, 65% wen na de disease spread to lymph nodes, den 25% among those plus distant spread.[11] De likelihood say melanoma go reoccur anaa spread dey depend on ein thickness, how fast de cells dey divide, den whether or not na de overlying skin break down.[2]

Melanoma be de most dangerous type of skin cancer.[2] Insyd 2015, na 3.1 million people get active disease, wich result in 59,800 deaths.[12][13] Dem dey expect de incidence of melanoma to increase from 331,722 worldwide cases insyd 2022 to 510,000 cases insyd 2040.[7] However mortality dey decrease as newer treatments cam be available.[7] About 80% of all global cases dey occur insyd adults 50 years anaa older.[7] Australia den New Zealand get de highest rates of melanoma insyd de world.[2] High rates sanso dey occur insyd Northern Europe den North America, while e be less common insyd Asia, Africa, den Latin America.[2] Insyd de United States, melanoma dey occur about 1.6 times more often insyd men dan women.[14] Melanoma cam be more common since de 1960s insyd areas wey mostly people of European descent populate.[2][9]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Melanoma Treatment – for health professionals". National Cancer Institute. 26 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 World Cancer Report (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.14. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2014.
  3. ↑ Postrzech-Adamczyk K, Chabowski M, Głuszczyk-Ferenc B, Wodzińska A, Muszczyńska-Bernhard B, Szuba A, Janczak D (March 31, 2015). "Malignant melanoma of the lung: case series". Kardiochirurgia I Torakochirurgia Polska = Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 12 (1): 72–76. doi:10.5114/kitp.2015.50575. PMC 4520507. PMID 26336485.
  4. ↑ Schwartzman RM, Orkin M (1962). A Comparative Study of Diseases of Dog and Man. Springfield, IL: Thomas. p. 85. The term 'melanoma' in human medicine indicates a malignant growth; the prefix 'malignant' is redundant.
  5. ↑ Bobonich M, Nolen ME (2015). Dermatology for Advanced Practice Clinicians. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. p. 106. The term malignant melanoma is becoming obsolete because the word 'malignant' is redundant as there are no benign melanomas.
  6. ↑ Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2021. Avoid the redundant phrase malignant melanoma.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Joshi, Urvashi Mitbander; Kashani-Sabet, Mohammed; Kirkwood, John M. (25 August 2025). "Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.13074. PMID 40853557.
  8. ↑ Kanavy, HE; Gerstenblith, MR (December 2011). "Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma". Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 30 (4): 222–228. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003 (inactive 12 July 2025). PMID 22123420.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  9. 1 2 Azoury SC, Lange JR (October 2014). "Epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, and early detection of melanoma". The Surgical Clinics of North America. 94 (5): 945–62, vii. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2014.07.013. PMID 25245960.
  10. ↑ Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. Oncology. 18 (12): e731 – e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.
  11. ↑ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Melanoma of the Skin". NCI. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coggeshall M, Cornaby L, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Dilegge T, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kawashima T, Kemmer L, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  13. ↑ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coates MM, Coggeshall M, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fraser MS, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Huynh C, Johnson CO, Kassebaum NJ, Kinfu Y, Kulikoff XR, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  14. ↑ "USCS Data Visualizations". gis.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020. Need to select "melanoma"
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