Jump to content

Meningitis

From Wikipedia
meningitis
class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofencephalomyelitis, central nervous system disease, disease, pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases Edit
Dey afflicthuman Edit
Health specialtyneurology, infectious diseases Edit
Possible treatmentpharmacotherapy, steroid, antibiotic, antiviral drug Edit
Disease transmission processdroplet infection, airborne transmission Edit
Anatomical locationmeninges Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/meningitis_2 Edit
ICD-9-CM322, 322.9 Edit
ICPC 2 IDN71 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC26828 Edit

Meningitis be acute anaa chronic inflammation of de protective membranes wey dey cover de brain den spinal cord, dem collectively call de meninges.[1] De most common symptoms be fever, intense headache, vomiting den neck stiffness den occasionally photophobia.[2] Oda symptoms dey include confusion anaa altered consciousness, nausea, den an inability to tolerate loud noises.[2] Young kiddies often dey exhibit nonspecific symptoms per, such as irritability, drowsiness, anaa poor feeding.[2] A non-blanching rash (a rash wey no dey fade wen dem roll a glass over am) sanso fi be present.[3]

De inflammation fi be caused by infection plus viruses, bacteria, fungi anaa parasites.[4] Non-infectious causes dey include malignancy (cancer), subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis) den certain drugs.[5] Meningitis fi be life-threatening secof de inflammation ein proximity to de brain den spinal cord; therefore, de condition be classified as a medical emergency.[6][7] A lumbar puncture, insyd wich dem insert a needle into de spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), fi diagnose anaa exclude meningitis.[2][7]

Sam forms of meningitis be preventable by immunization plus de meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, den Hib vaccines.[6] Giving antibiotics to people plus significant exposure to certain types of meningitis sanso fi be useful for preventing transmission.[2] De first treatment insyd acute meningitis dey consist of promptly giving antibiotics den sam times antiviral drugs.[2][8] Corticosteroids fi be used to prevent complications from excessive inflammation.[7][9] Meningitis fi lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, anaa cognitive deficits, especially if dem no treat am quickly.[6][9]

Insyd 2019, na dem diagnose meningitis insyd about 7.7 million people worldwide, of whom na 236,000 die, down from 433,000 deaths insyd 1990. Plus appropriate treatment, de risk of death insyd bacterial meningitis be less dan 15%.[2] Outbreaks of bacterial meningitis dey occur between December den June each year insyd an area of sub-Saharan Africa dem know as de meningitis belt.[10] Smaller outbreaks sanso dey occur insyd oda areas of de world.[10] De word meningitis dey cam from de Greek μῆνιγξ meninx, 'membrane', den de medical suffix -itis, 'inflammation'.[11][12]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ Putz K, Hayani K, Zar FA (September 2013). "Meningitis". Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 40 (3): 707–726. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.001. PMID 23958365.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Bacterial Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "NHS medical conditions meningitis". National Health Service (NHS). 20 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  4. ↑ "Meningitis". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  5. ↑ Ginsberg L (March 2004). "Difficult and recurrent meningitis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 75 Suppl 1 (90001): i16–21. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034272. PMC 1765649. PMID 14978146.
  6. 1 2 3 Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH (June 2003). "Bacterial meningitis in children". Lancet. 361 (9375): 2139–48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8. PMID 12826449. S2CID 6226323.
  7. 1 2 3 Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ (November 2004). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (9): 1267–84. doi:10.1086/425368. PMID 15494903.
  8. ↑ "Viral Meningitis". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 26 November 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  9. 1 2 van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF (January 2006). "Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMra052116. PMID 16394301.
  10. 1 2 "Meningococcal meningitis Fact sheet N°141". World Health Organization (WHO). November 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  11. ↑ Mosby's pocket dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions (6th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier. 2010. p. traumatic meningitis. ISBN 978-0-323-06604-4. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  12. ↑ Liddell HG, Scott R (1940). "μῆνιγξ". A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013.
[edit | edit source]
  • Meningitis U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meningitis&oldid=82784"