Methoxyflurane
| Subclass of | chemical compound  |
|---|---|
| Get use | Medication |
| Associated hazard | methoxyflurane exposure |
| Has effect | methoxyflurane exposure |
| Chemical formula | C₃H₄Cl₂F₂O |
| Canonical SMILES | COC(C(Cl)Cl)(F)F |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide ID | 0389 |
| World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name | methoxyflurane |
| Pregnancy category | Australian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category C |
| Get characteristic | flammable liquid |
| Subject has role | inhalational anaesthetic |
Methoxyflurane, dem sell under de brand name Penthrox (de "green whistle") among odas, be an inhaled medication dem primarily use to reduce pain following an injury.[1][2] E sanso fi be used to reduce pain associated plus minor medical procedures.[3] Onset of pain relief be rapid den a standard dose typically dey last for up to 30 minutes.[3] Use only be recommended plus direct medical supervision.[1]
Common side effects dey include anxiety, headache, sleepiness, cough, den nausea.[1] Serious side effects fi include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, den severe anaesthetic reactions such as malignant hyperthermia.[1][3] E fi be used during pregnancy anaa breastfeeding, however der fi be additional harmful side effects.[4][5] E be only recommended insyd those wey get a normal level of consciousness den stable blood pressure den heart rate.[3] E be classified as a volatile anaesthetic.[3]
Na dem first make am insyd 1948 by William T. Miller wey e cam into medical use insyd de 1960s.[6] Na dem use am as a general anesthetic from ein introduction insyd 1960 til de late 1970s.[7] Insyd 1999, de manufacturer discontinue methoxyflurane insyd de United States, den insyd 2005 de Food and Drug Administration withdraw am from de market, secof reports of nephrotoxicity den hepatotoxicity.[7][8] As of April 2025, e be used insyd New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, den de United Kingdom for acute pain.[1][9][10]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. X. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ↑ Jephcott C, Grummet J, Nguyen N, Spruyt O (May 2018). "A review of the safety and efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane as an analgesic for outpatient procedures". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 120 (5): 1040–1048. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.011. PMID 29661381.
- 1 2 3 4 5 National Prescribing Service (2010). "Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) for analgesia (doctor's bag listing)". NPS RADAR. Canberra, Australia: National Prescribing Service, Department of Health and Ageing. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ↑ "Methoxyflurane". Australian Medicines Handbook. July 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
- ↑ "Penthrox Inhalation (methoxyflurane)". MIMS. July 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
- ↑ Hardman JG, Hopkins PM, Struys MM (2017). Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia. Oxford University Press. p. 553. ISBN 9780199642045.
- 1 2 Mazze RI (October 2006). "Methoxyflurane revisited: tale of an anesthetic from cradle to grave". Anesthesiology. 105 (4): 843–846. doi:10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031. PMID 17006084.
- ↑ "Determination That Penthrane (Methoxyflurane) Inhalation Liquid, 99.9 Percent, Was Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness". Federal Register. 2005-09-06. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
- ↑ "NZ Medsafe Datasheet" (PDF). Medsafe.govt.nz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ Australian Government Therapeutic Goods Administration. "Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods | Penthrox". Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. Retrieved April 19, 2025.
External links
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