Migraine
| Subclass of | encephalopathy, disease  |
|---|---|
| Facet give | women's health |
| Has cause | unknown, psychological stress |
| Health specialty | neurology |
| Symptoms and signs | burping, photophobia, vomiting, headache, nausea |
| Medical examination | physical examination, neuroimaging |
| ICD-9-CM | 346, 346.9, 346.90, 346.80 |
| ICPC 2 ID | N89 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C89715 |
Migraine be a neurological disorder wey dey cause moderate-to-severe headaches. De pain usually dey affect one side of de head. E be generally associated plus nausea, light sensitivity den sound sensitivity.[1][2] Oda symptoms fi include dizziness, vomiting,[1] and difficulty thinking.[3] Insyd sam cases, a migraine attack dey begin plus an aura, a period of sensory disturbance.[2]
Migraine attacks dey vary among individuals. Sam people dey experience occasional attacks, while odas dey develop chronic migraine plus frequent headaches.[4][5] Migraine frequency fi increase over time. Insyd sam cases, frequent use of pain medications for headaches fi make migraines worse den lead to medication overuse headache.[6] Attacks be more likely to happen wen changes occur insyd a person ein daily routine, such as lack of sleep, disrupted sleep, skipped meals, anaa hormonal fluctuations.[7]
Migraine be believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, den neurological factors wey dey affect de activity of nerve cells den chemical signals insyd de brain. Migraine attacks be theorized to occur wen de brain exceed an individual ein sensitivity threshold. Migraine attacks get multiple phases. De initial phase of a migraine attack fi start 48 hours before de main headache phase wey fi cause early warning symptoms. De subsequent pain phase of a migraine attack fi be linked to increased activity insyd de pain pathway of de brain, plus heightened blood flow den transmission of pain signals.[7][8][9]
A migraine management plan often dey include lifestyle modifications to cope plus possible migraine triggers den dey reduce de impact of co-occurring conditions.[10][11] Lifestyle changes wey fi prevent migraines dey include stress management, improving sleep habits, eating regularly, den exercise.[10] Treatment give acute mild to moderate attacks dey begin plus over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen den paracetamol. Triptans be recommended as a first-line therapy give moderate to severe attacks.[12] Dem dey see de approval of gepants as a major advance insyd migraine treatment.[13][14] Dem dey use Anti-nausea medications give migraine-related nausea.[12] Ergotamines fi be used by those wey no dey respond to oda medications.[12][15] Several medications fi help prevent migraines. Dese dey include gepants, buh also beta blockers, anticonvulsants den certain antidepressants.[16][17] Opioids for no be prescribed give migraine.[18][19]
Approximately 14% (1.16 billion) of people worldwide be affected by migraine,[20] wey dey make am de third most disabling condition wey dey affect de nervous system[21] den one of de most common causes of disability.[22] Dey begin at puberty, women dey experience more den longer migraines, den higher disability wey relate to migraines.[23][24][25] Migraines often start dey occur after a girl ein first period, plus increased frequency over time, wey dey peak during perimenopause wey dey tend to decrease following menopause.[26] From age 30 to 50, up to four times as chaw women experience migraine attacks as men.[27]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 Pescador Ruschel MA, De Jesus O (2024). "Migraine Headache". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32809622. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- 1 2 "Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition". Cephalalgia. 38 (1): 1–211. January 2018. doi:10.1177/0333102417738202. PMID 29368949.
- ↑ Fernandes, C; Dapkute, A; Watson, E; Kazaishvili, I; Chądzyński, P; Varanda, S; Di Antonio, S; Munday, V; MaassenVanDenBrink, A; Lampl, C; European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies, (EHF-SAS) (19 December 2024). "Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 25 (1): 221. doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01923-y. PMC 11657937. PMID 39701926.
- ↑ Katsarava Z, Buse DC, Manack AN, Lipton RB (February 2012). "Defining the differences between episodic migraine and chronic migraine". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 16 (1): 86–92. doi:10.1007/s11916-011-0233-z. PMC 3258393. PMID 22083262.
- ↑ Shankar Kikkeri N, Nagalli S (December 2022). "Migraine With Aura". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32119498. Bookshelf ID: NBK554611. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ↑ Lipton, RB; Buse, DC; Nahas, SJ; Tietjen, GE; Martin, VT; Löf, E; Brevig, T; Cady, R; Diener, HC (December 2023). "Risk factors for migraine disease progression: a narrative review for a patient-centered approach". Journal of Neurology. 270 (12): 5692–5710. doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11880-2. PMC 10632231. PMID 37615752.
- 1 2 Burstein R, Noseda R, Borsook D (April 2015). "Migraine: multiple processes, complex pathophysiology". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (17): 6619–6629. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0373-15.2015. PMC 4412887. PMID 25926442.
- ↑ Ashina, S; Bentivegna, E; Martelletti, P; Eikermann-Haerter, K (June 2021). "Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Migraine". Pain and Therapy. 10 (1): 211–223. doi:10.1007/s40122-021-00240-5. PMC 8119592. PMID 33594593.
- ↑ Levy, D; Moskowitz, MA (10 July 2023). "Meningeal Mechanisms and the Migraine Connection". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 46: 39–58. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-080422-105509. ISSN 0147-006X. PMC 11412714. PMID 36913712.
- 1 2 Haghdoost F, Togha M (January 2022). "Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals". Open Medicine. 17 (1): 1869–1882. doi:10.1515/med-2022-0598. PMC 9691984. PMID 36475060.
- ↑ Altamura, C; Coppola, G; Vernieri, F (1 January 2024). "The evolving concept of multimorbidity and migraine". In Swanson, JW; Matharu, M (eds.). Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 199 (3rd series) Migraine Management. Vol. 199. Elsevier. pp. 535–566. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00014-8. ISBN 978-0-12-823357-3. PMID 38307670.
- 1 2 3 Wiley, AT; Watson, JC; Lehmann, DN (April 2025). "Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies". American Family Physician. 111 (4): 317–327. PMID 40238974.
- ↑ Zobdeh, F; Ben Kraiem, A; Attwood, MM; Chubarev, VN; Tarasov, VV; Schiöth, HB; Mwinyi, J (December 2021). "Pharmacological treatment of migraine: Drug classes, mechanisms of action, clinical trials and new treatments". British Journal of Pharmacology. 178 (23): 4588–4607. doi:10.1111/bph.15657. PMID 34379793.
- ↑ Younis, S; Latysheva, NV; Danilov, AB; Ashina, M (1 January 2024). "CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants)". In Swanson, JW; Matharu, M (eds.). Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 199 (3rd series) Migraine Management. Elsevier. pp. 51–66. ISBN 978-0-12-823357-3.
- ↑ Tzankova V, Becker WJ, Chan TL (January 2023). "Diagnosis and acute management of migraine". CMAJ. 195 (4): E153 – E158. doi:10.1503/cmaj.211969. PMC 9888545. PMID 36717129.
- ↑ Duncan, CW; Silberstein, SD (1 January 2024). "Evidence-based preventive treatment of migraine". In Swanson, JW; Matharu, M (eds.). Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 199 (3rd series) Migraine Management. Vol. 199. Elsevier. pp. 219–241. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00030-6. ISBN 978-0-12-823357-3. PMID 38307648.
- ↑ Aguilar-Shea, AL; Membrilla Md, JA; Diaz-de-Teran, J (February 2022). "Migraine review for general practice". Atencion Primaria. 54 (2) 102208. doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102208. PMC 8605054. PMID 34798397.
- ↑ Shao, Q; Rascati, KL; Lawson, KA; Barner, JC; Sonawane, KB; Rousseau, JF (November 2022). "Real-world opioid use among patients with migraine enrolled in US commercial insurance and risk factors associated with migraine progression". Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 28 (11): 1272–1281. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.11.1272. PMC 10373005. PMID 36282930.
- ↑ "New Research Explores Migraine and Opioids". American Headache Society (in English). Retrieved 2025-11-23.
- ↑ Dong, L; Dong, W; Jin, Y; Jiang, Y; Li, Z; Yu, D (February 2025). "The Global Burden of Migraine: A 30-Year Trend Review and Future Projections by Age, Sex, Country, and Region". Pain and Therapy. 14 (1): 297–315. doi:10.1007/s40122-024-00690-7. PMC 11751287. PMID 39661241.
- ↑ Lu, Y; Li, QY; Gan, L; You, Y; Wang, CD; Guo, ZW; Shi, J; Liu, XY (2025). "The global and regional burden and trends of migraine from 1990 to 2021: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021". Frontiers in Neurology. 16 1686288. doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1686288. PMC 12620191. PMID 41255791.
- ↑ Treadwell, Jonathan R.; Tsou, Amy Y.; Rouse, Benjamin; Ivlev, Ilya; Fricke, Julie; Buse, Dawn; Powers, Scott W.; Minen, Mia; Szperka, Christina L.; Mull, Nikhil K. (18 September 2024). Behavioral Interventions for Migraine Prevention. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). doi:10.23970/AHRQEPCCER270. PMID 39471258.
- ↑ Kuruvilla, DE; Hutchinson, S; Moriarty, M; Abbott, C; Brown, A; Leroue, C; Sheikh, H (January 2025). "Understanding migraine throughout a woman's life and the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide: A narrative review". Women's Health (London, England). 21 17455057251376878. doi:10.1177/17455057251376878. PMC 12547133. PMID 41109841.
- ↑ Denney, Delora E.; Hendry, Matthew; Pahlevan, Nader; Ayaz, Ahmed; Denney, Delora Ann (16 May 2024). "Migraine Throughout a Woman's Life: A Guide to Management". Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association (in English). 65 (5/6).
- ↑ Allais, Gianni; Chiarle, Giulia; Sinigaglia, Silvia; Airola, Gisella; Schiapparelli, Paola; Benedetto, Chiara (2020). "Gender-related differences in migraine". Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 41 (Suppl 2): 429–436. doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04643-8. ISSN 1590-3478. PMC 7704513. PMID 32845494.
- ↑ Bugge, NS; Vetvik, KG; Alstadhaug, KB; Braaten, T (20 June 2025). "Migraine through puberty and menopausal transition-data from the population-based Norwegian Women and Health study (NOWAC)". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 26 (1): 145. doi:10.1186/s10194-025-02083-3. PMC 12180204. PMID 40542382.
- ↑ Ferrari MD, Goadsby PJ, Burstein R, Kurth T, Ayata C, Charles A, Ashina M, van den Maagdenberg AM, Dodick DW (January 2022). "Migraine". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 8 (1) 2. doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00328-4. PMID 35027572. S2CID 245883895.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Ashina M (November 2020). Ropper AH (ed.). "Migraine". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (19): 1866–1876. doi:10.1056/nejmra1915327. PMID 33211930. S2CID 227078662.
- Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Billinghurst L, Potrebic S, Gersz EM, Gloss D, Holler-Managan Y, Leininger E, Licking N, Mack K, Powers SW, Sowell M, Victorio MC, Yonker M, Zanitsch H, Hershey AD (September 2019). "Practice guideline update summary: Pharmacologic treatment for pediatric migraine prevention: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society". Neurology. 93 (11): 500–509. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000008105. PMC 6746206. PMID 31413170.
- Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, Potrebic S, Billinghurst L, Gloss D, Hershey AD, Licking N, Sowell M, Victorio MC, Gersz EM, Leininger E, Zanitsch H, Yonker M, Mack K (September 2019). "Practice guideline update summary: Acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society". Neurology. 93 (11): 487–499. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000008095. PMID 31413171. S2CID 199662718.
External links
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