Mild cognitive impairment
| Subclass of | cognitive disorder  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | psychiatry, neurology, neuropsychology |
| Get characteristic | mild |
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) be a diagnosis wey dey reflect an intermediate stage of cognitive impairment wey be often, buh no be always, a transitional phase from cognitive changes insyd normal aging to those dem typically find insyd dementia,[1] especially dementia secof Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's dementia).[2] MCI fi include both memory den non-memory neurocognitive impairments.[3] About 50 percent of people dem diagnose plus MCI get Alzheimer's disease wey dey go on to develop Alzheimer's dementia within five years. MCI sanso fi serve as an early indicator give oda types of dementia, although MCI sanso fi remain stable anaa remit.[4] Chaw definitions of MCI dey exist. A common feature of chaw of dese be say MCI dey involve cognitive impairments wey be measurable buh wey no be significant enough to interfere plus instrumental activities of daily living.[1]
De DSM-5 dey introduce de concept of mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD), wich be designed to be largely equivalent to MCI.[5] De International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) dey refer to MCI as "Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND)".[6] E be controversial whether MCI for be used as a diagnosis.[7]
De definition of MCI dey continue to evolve. Academic discussion dey revolve around whether MCI for be classified anaa diagnosed algorithmically anaa clinically, de reliability of clinical judgment, stability of de diagnosis over time, den de utility anaa predictivity of biomarkers. Differences insyd de definition den implementation of de MCI construct fi explain sam discrepancies between research studies.[8]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E (1999). "Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome". Arch. Neurol. 56 (3): 303–8. doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303. PMID 10190820. S2CID 3717948.
- ↑ Petersen RC, Bennett D (June 2005). "Mild cognitive impairment: is it Alzheimer's disease or not?". J. Alzheimers Dis. 7 (3): 241–5. doi:10.3233/jad-2005-7307. PMID 16006668.
- ↑ Yu J, Lam CL, Lee TM (December 2017). "White matter microstructural abnormalities in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of whole-brain and ROI-based studies". Neurosci Biobehav Rev (Meta-analysis and review). 83: 405–416. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.026. PMID 29092777.
- ↑ Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al. (January 2018). "Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment – Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. Special article. 90 (3): 126–135. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826. PMC 5772157. PMID 29282327.
In patients with MCI, exercise training (6 months) is likely to improve cognitive measures and cognitive training may improve cognitive measures. ... Clinicians should recommend regular exercise (Level B). ... Recommendation: For patients diagnosed with MCI, clinicians should recommend regular exercise (twice/week) as part of an overall approach to management (Level B).
- ↑ Sachs-Ericsson, Natalie; Blazer, Dan G. (2015-01-02). "The new DSM-5 diagnosis of mild neurocognitive disorder and its relation to research in mild cognitive impairment". Aging & Mental Health (in English). 19 (1): 2–12. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.920303. ISSN 1360-7863. PMID 24914889.
- ↑ "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int.
- ↑ Wang, Kate N.; Page, Amy T.; Etherton-Beer, Christopher D. (June 2021). "Mild cognitive impairment: To diagnose or not to diagnose". Australasian Journal on Ageing. 40 (2): 111–115. doi:10.1111/ajag.12913. ISSN 1440-6381. PMID 33604998. S2CID 231964648.
- ↑ Petersen, R. C.; Caracciolo, B.; Brayne, C.; Gauthier, S.; Jelic, V.; Fratiglioni, L. (March 2014). "Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution". Journal of Internal Medicine (in English). 275 (3): 214–228. doi:10.1111/joim.12190. ISSN 0954-6820. PMC 3967548. PMID 24605806.