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Moulouya River

From Wikipedia
Moulouya River
river
Origin of the watercourseAtlas Mountains Edit
Mouth of the watercourseMediterranean Sea Edit
TributaryUadi Za Edit
CountryMorocco Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydMorocco Edit
Coordinate location32°47′26″N 4°46′1″W, 35°7′22″N 2°20′40″W Edit
Heritage designationRamsar site Edit

De Moulouya River be a 520 km-long (320 mi) river insyd Morocco. Ein sources be located insyd de Ayashi mountain insyd de Middle Atlas.[1] E dey empty into de Mediterranean Sea near Saïdia, insyd northeast Morocco.

Water level insyd de river often dey fluctuate. De river be used for irrigation wey e be dammed by de Hassan II den Mohamed V Dams.

History

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De river historically be known as Malva (Anglicized: Malve), Malua, Malvam, Mulva, anaa Mulucha, Molochath flumen, de names possibly relate to de Semitic root melach anaa malach, wey dey mean "salt". Maurice Besnier suggest say de lower parts of de river be used for salt production, buh no material confirmation be found.[2][3]

From de end of de fourth to de beginning of de third centuries BC, de Mulucha form de boundary between de Kingdom of the Mauri to de west den de Kingdom of the Masaesylli to de east.[4] Dem mention as Mulucha by Titus Livius (dem sanso know as Livy).[5][6]

Flamingoes insyd de Moulouya.

Insyd de Historia Brittonum (c. 828) e dey appear as de River Malvam, along de legendary route of de Scoti from Egypt to Hispania.[7] Insyd Geoffrey of Monmouth ein Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), Brutus of Troy dey follow a similar route from Leogecia, wey dey add encounters plus pirates, raids insyd Mauretania, den sirens at de Pillars of Hercules, wey dey pass de River Malvam before entering Mauretania.[8]

De Moulouya River form de eastern border of de Rif Republic insyd de 1920s, a small part of Morocco wey dey contain important cities like Saïdia den Oujda lying to de east, between de Moulouya den de border plus Algeria. Til 1956 de river sanso form de eastern border of de Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.

Before French colonisation, de Moulouya River sometimes be considered as de border between Regency of Algiers den de dynasties wey controll Morocco.[9][10] A battle between de Algerians den de Alawites take place insyd 1692 at de ford of dis river.

Na dem give de illusionary Martian canals names of mythical den real rivers, wey dey include one dem name de "Malva" after de River Malvam.

Ecology

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Fish wey pollutants kill fill de Moulouya River insyd August 2011.

De Moulouya dey receive domestic wastewater from nearby populations den agricultural pollutants wey dey originate insyd de upper valley of ein headwaters.[11] Insyd mid-2011, na dem find thousands of fish dead along de river, wey dey prompt environmental groups to blame pollution from de nearby Sucrafor sugar refinery, part of de Cosumar group, wich previously face similar accusations insyd de 1980s den 1990s. De North Moroccan Green Platform report black, foul-smelling water near Zaio, wey farmers say livestock die after dem drink from de river.[12]

References

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  1. ↑ Peyron, M. (1990). "Ayyachi, Jbel". journals.openedition.org. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. ↑ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MULUCHA". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  3. ↑ Trakadas 2016, p. 93.
  4. ↑ UNESCO (1996-12-31). History of Humanity: From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. (in English). UNESCO Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0.
  5. ↑ "Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 29, chapter 30". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  6. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 817–823.
  7. ↑ Fitzpatrick-Matthews, Keith J. (2020). "Genealogia Brittonum: the complete Historia Brittonum". Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  8. ↑ San-Marte, ed. (1854). Gottfried's von Monmouth: Historia Regum Britanniae (in Latin and German). Eduard Anton. pp. 13, 196.
  9. ↑ Martinière, Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La; Lacroix, Napoléon (1894). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon (in French). Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes.
  10. ↑ Merouche, Lemnouar (2007-10-15). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II.: La course, mythes et réalité (in French). Editions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-055-5.
  11. ↑ Chahboune, M.; Chahlaoui, A.; Zaid, A; Mehanned, S; Ben Moussa, A (2014-11-18). "Monitoring of the water's quality of Moulouya River: main tributary of Hassan II dam (Province of Midelt, Morocco)". Moroccan Journal of Chemistry (in English). 2 (5). doi:10.48317/IMIST.PRSM/MORJCHEM-V2I5.2413.
  12. ↑ "Fish Deaths and Pollution in a Moroccan River". Morocco World News (in American English). 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2025-10-06.
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  • Trakadas, Athena (2016-01-22). "Oued Moulouya". Fish-Salting in the Northwest Maghreb in Antiquity: A Gazetteer of Sites and Resources. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78491-242-0. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
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