Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma

class of disease

Subclass of	leukocyte disease, myeloid neoplasm, immunoproliferative disorder, disease
Health specialty	hematology
ICD-9-CM	203.0
NCI Thesaurus ID	C3242

Multiple myeloma (MM), dem sanso know as plasma cell myeloma den simply myeloma, be a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell wey normally dey produce antibodies. Often, dem initially no notice symptoms. As e dey progress, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, den infections fi occur. Complications fi include hypercalcemia den amyloidosis.

De cause of multiple myeloma be unknown. Risk factors dey include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, age den certain chemicals. Der be an increased risk of multiple myeloma insyd certain occupations. Dis be secof de occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents wey get a role in causation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma be de result of a multi-step malignant transformation, den almost universally wey dey originate from de pre-malignant stage monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). As MGUS dey evolve into MM, dem reach anoda pre-stage of de disease, dem know as smoldering myeloma (SMM).

Insyd MM, de abnormal plasma cells dey produce abnormal antibodies, wich fi cause kidney problems den overly thick blood. De plasma cells sanso fi form a mass insyd de bone marrow anaa soft tissue. Wen one tumor be present, dem dey call am a plasmacytoma; more dan one dem dey call multiple myeloma. Dem dey diagnose multiple myeloma base on blood anaa urine tests wey dey find abnormal antibody proteins (often dey use electrophoretic techniques wey dey reveal de presence of a monoclonal spike insyd de results, dem term an m-spike), bone marrow biopsy dey find cancerous plasma cells, den medical imaging dey find bone lesions. Anoda common finding be high blood calcium levels.

Dem dey consider multiple myeloma treatable, buh generally incurable. Remissions fi bring about plus steroids, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, den stem cell transplant. Dem sam times use bisphosphonates den radiation therapy make dem reduce pain from bone lesions. Na dem inclde new approaches wey dey utilize CAR-T cell therapy insyd de treatment regimens.

Globally, na dem diagnose about 175,000 people plus de disease insyd 2020, while na about 117,000 people die from de disease dat year. Insyd de U.S., forecasts dey suggest about 35,000 people go be diagnosed plus de disease insyd 2023, wey about 12,000 people go die from de disease dat year. Insyd 2020, na an estimated 170,405 people dey live plus myeloma insyd de U.S.

E be difficult to judge mortality statistics secof treatments give de disease dey advance rapidly. Based on data wey dey concern people dem diagnose plus de disease between 2013 den 2019, na about 60% live five years anaa more post-diagnosis, plus about 34% dey live ten years anaa more. People na dem newly diagnose plus de disease now get a better outlook, secof improved treatments.

De disease usually dey occur around de age of 60 wey e be more common insyd men dan women. E be uncommon before de age of 40. De word myeloma be from Greek myelo- 'marrow' den -oma 'tumor'.