Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Other names	Megalomania
	Narcissus by Caravaggio, dey gaze ein own reflection
Specialty	Psychiatry
Symptoms	Exaggerated feelings of self-importance, excessive need for admiration, lack of considering odas dema feelings
Usual onset	Early adulthood
Duration	Long term
Causes	Unknown
Differential diagnosis	Bipolar disorder, substance abuse, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders
Treatment	Difficult
Frequency	1%

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) be a personality disorder wey be characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, den a diminished ability to empathize plus oda people dema feelings. Narcissistic personality disorder be one of de sub-types of de broader category dem know as personality disorders.^[1]^[2] E be often comorbid plus oda mental disorders wey ebe associated plus significant functional impairment den psychosocial disability.^[1]

Millon's subtypes

Insyd de study Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond (1996), na Theodore Millon suggest five subtypes of NPD, although na he no identify specific treatments per subtype.^[3]


Subtype	Features
Unprincipled narcissist	Deficient conscience; unscrupulous, amoral, disloyal, fraudulent, deceptive, arrogant, exploitive; a con artist den charlatan; dominating, contemptuous, vindictive.
Amorous narcissist	Sexually seductive, enticing, beguiling, tantalizing; glib den clever; disinclined to real intimacy; dey indulge hedonistic desires; bewitches den inveigles odas; pathological lying den swindling. Tends dem get chaw affairs, often plus exotic partners.
Compensatory narcissist	Seeks to counteract anaa cancel out deep feelings of inferiority den lack of self-esteem; offsets deficits by creating illusions of dem be superior, exceptional, admirable, noteworthy; self-worth results from self-enhancement.
Elitist narcissist	Dey feel privileged den empowered by virtue of special childhood status den pseudo-achievements; entitled façade dey bear little relation to reality; dey seek favored den good life; dem be upwardly mobile; dey cultivate special status den advantages by association.
Normal narcissist	Least severe den most interpersonally concerned den empathetic, still entitled den deficient insyd reciprocity; bold insyd environments, self-confident, competitive, dey seek high targets, dey feel unique; talent for leadership positions insyd; dey expect recognition from odas.

Historical demarcation of grandiose den vulnerable types

Over de years, na chaw clinicians den theorists describe two variants of NPD akin to de grandiose den vulnerable expressions of trait narcissism. Sam examples dey include:^[4]


	Grandiose Phenotype	Vulnerable Types
Kohut & Wolf (1978)	Mirror-hungry	Ideal-hungry
Broucek (1982)	Egotistical	Dissociative
Rosenfeld (1987)	Thick-skinned	Thin-skinned
Gabbard (1989, 1998, 2009)	Oblivious	Hypervigilant
Gersten (1991)	Overly grandiose	Overly vulnerable
Wink (1992)	Willful	Hypersensitive
Masterson (1993)	Exhibitionist	Closet
Fiscalini (1993)	Special child	Shamed child
Cooper and Maxwell (1995)	Empowered	Disempowered

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). "Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.
↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 72–669. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1. OCLC 830807378.
↑ Millon T, Davis RD (1996). Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond. New York City: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-471-01186-6.
↑ Pincus AL, Roche MJ (2011). "Narcissistic Grandiosity and Narcissistic Vulnerability". In Campbell WK, Miller JD (eds.). The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 31–40. doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch4. ISBN 978-1-118-09310-8.

Read further

Lowen A (1997). Narcissism : denial of the true self. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5543-1.
Malkin C (2015). Rethinking narcissism: the bad-and surprising good-about feeling special. New York: Harper Wave. ISBN 978-0-06-234810-4.
Masterson JF (1981). The Narcissistic and Borderline Disorders: An Integrated Developmental Approach. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203776148. ISBN 978-0-87630-292-7. LCCN 81038540.
Morrison AP (1986). Essential papers on narcissism. Essential Papers in Psychoanalysis. Vol. 13. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5395-8.
Morrison AP (1989). Shame: The Underside of Narcissism. New York: Analytic Press. ISBN 978-1-317-77161-6.
Shaw D (2003). Maintaining relationships through communication : relational, contextual, and cultural variations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0-8058-3990-6.
Thomas D (2010). Narcissism: Behind the Mask. Sussex: Book Guild. ISBN 978-1-84624-506-0.

External links

[Caligor_20152-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). "Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.

[2] Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 72–669. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1. OCLC 830807378.

[Millon12-3] Millon T, Davis RD (1996). Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond. New York City: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-471-01186-6.

[4] Pincus AL, Roche MJ (2011). "Narcissistic Grandiosity and Narcissistic Vulnerability". In Campbell WK, Miller JD (eds.). The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 31–40. doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch4. ISBN 978-1-118-09310-8.

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