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National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America

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National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America
organization

De National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) be an organization dat advocate for financial compensation for de descendants of former slaves insyd de United States.[1][2][3][4]

History

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De National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations insyd America (N'COBRA) dey start on September 26, 1987.[5] Na e main goal be to share information den work toward getting reparations for slavery insyd de United States.[6] De group be founded by Imari Obadele[7][8] den Chokwe Lumumba.[9] Oda groups dat help start N'COBRA include de National Conference of Black Lawyers, de New Afrikan Peoples Organization, den de Republic of New Afrika.[5]

Insyd 1994, N'COBRA hold a big meeting insyd Detroit. Na one of de speakers be Queen Mother Moore,[10] who help start de Republic of New Afrika.

Organizational structure

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N'COBRA do ein work through nine main national groups:[5][11]

  1. Economic Development
  2. Human Resources
  3. Legal Strategies
  4. Legislation
  5. Information and Media
  6. Membership and Organizational Growth
  7. International Affairs
  8. Youth
  9. Education

There be three types of members insyd N'COBRA: individual members, local den national chapters, den partner organizations. N'COBRA has members across de United States[1] (like insyd Philadelphia)[12] den sanso insyd parts of Africa, Europe, Central den South America, den de Caribbean.[5]

De organization dey lead by a national board of directors.

Positions

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De National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations insyd America (N'COBRA) says ein mission be to seek justice den repair for de harms caused by slavery.

...to win full Reparations for Black African Descendants dey reside insyd de United States den ein territories for de genocidal war against Africans dat create de TransAtlantic Slave "Trade" Chattel Slavery, Jim Crow den Chattel Slavery ein continuing vestiges (de Maafa). To dat end, NCOBRA shall organize den mobilize all strata of these Black communities, into an effective mass-based reparations movement. NCOBRA dey sanso serve as a coordinating body for de reparations effort insyd de United States. Further, through ein leadership role insyd de reparations movement insyd de United States den ein territories, NCOBRA recognize reparations be a just demand for all African peoples den shall join plus odas insyd building de international reparations movement.

Since at least 2017, N'COBRA has pushed for reparations to be given through rebuilding den improving Black communities, rather than giving money directly to individuals whose ancestors be enslaved.[13]

Insyd 2022, Taiwo Kujichagulia-Seitu from N'COBRA dey explain dat de group ein goal be to achieve “full repair” for de damage caused by slavery.

It can't just be a check. So one of the biggest things in terms of full repair is we have to eliminate that myth of white supremacy.... [L]et's pretend every Black person in this country was given land and that we were able to ... start catching up economically. That would not eliminate that myth of white supremacy, which means, the minute we're off our land, we could still be profiled by the police..., we would still have certain harms done to us. So when we talk about full repair, we have to look at solutions that target every single issue. And financial payments or money is not enough to fully repair what has gone wrong as a result of enslavement and colonization and now this belief in racism.

Juneteenth

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Since de early 1990s, N'COBRA dey celebrate Juneteenth, a holiday dat marks de end of slavery insyd de United States.[11]

H.R. 40

H.R. 40 be a bill insyd Congress called de Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act. E be first introduced insyd 1989 by Representatives John Conyers (D-MI) den Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX), den e has been reintroduced insyd every Congress since then.[14]

Insyd 2001, N'COBRA officially dey support H.R. 40. At dat time, de group, along plus ein lead legal advisor Adjoa Aiyetoro, sana be preparing a lawsuit against de U.S. government to demand reparations.[2]

2016 Movement for Black Lives policy platform

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Insyd August 2016, de Movement for Black Lives, a group connect to de Black Lives Matter movement, released a policy platform focused on reparations.[15] De platform dey include six main demands den 40 policy ideas. Ein name be reparations for the long-term harm caused by slavery den for more support for education den jobs for African Americans.[16] Reuters praised de platform as de first time dat Black-led groups dey connect to de Black Lives Matter movement had come together to create a detailed deni united policy plan.[16]

Criticism

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Some people say dat N'COBRA has not made much progress insyd pushing for reparations insyd de United States.[17][18] For example, reparations expert William A. Darity Jr. said dat N'COBRA ein plans will not lead to a reparations program dat gives direct payments to Black Americans who are descendants of slavery insyd de U.S.[18]

Well-known Current den Former Members

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  • Imari Obadele — co-founder
  • Chokwe Lumumba — co-founder
  • James Forman[19]
  • Efia Nwangaza - National co-chair[20]
  • Adjoa Aiyetoro — chief legal consultant
  • Robin Rue Simmons — lifetime member[21]
  • Conrad Worrill — economic development commissioner

Sanso see

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  • H.R. 40 — Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act
  • H.R. 40 Wikiquotes
  • American Descendants of Slavery
  • Mayors Organized for Reparations and Equity
  • National African American Reparations Commission
  • Civil Liberties Act of 1988 — reparations to Japanese Americans interned by the United States government during World War II)
  • Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany (1952)

Read further

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  • Aiyetoro, Adjoa; Davis, Adrienne D. (19 Jun 2010). "Historic and Modern Social Movements for Reparations: The National Coalition for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) and its Antecedents". Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-06-08. SSRN 1626991.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  • Karenga, Maulana (22–23 June 2001). "The Ethics of Reparations: Engaging the Holocaust of Enslavement" (PDF). The National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  • Taifa, Nkechi; Lumumba, Chokwe (1993) [1983, 1987]. Reparations Yes (3rd ed.). Baton Rouge: House of Songhay.

References

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  1. 1 2 Williams, Lena (July 21, 1994). "Blacks Press the Case for Reparations for Slavery". The New York Times.
  2. 1 2 Lewin, Tamar (June 4, 2001). "Calls for Slavery Restitution Getting Louder". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ Serino, Kenichi; Stabley, Justin (September 16, 2022). "What to know about calls for reparations for Britain's legacy of slavery in the Caribbean". PBS.
  4. ↑ MACARAEG, SARAH; KUNICHOFF, YANA (March 21, 2017). "How Chicago Became the First City to Make Reparations to Victims of Police Violence: The ordinance provides a meaningful model for creating reparations at the local level". Yes!.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. 1 2 3 4 "What is N'COBRA?". ncobra.org. National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  6. ↑ Coates, Ta-Nehisi (June 2014). "The Case for Reparations". The Atlantic. In the 20th century, the cause of reparations was taken up by a diverse cast that included the Confederate veteran Walter R. Vaughan, who believed that reparations would be a stimulus for the South; the black activist Callie House; black-nationalist leaders like "Queen Mother" Audley Moore; and the civil-rights activist James Forman. The movement coalesced in 1987 under an umbrella organization called the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA).
  7. ↑ Martin, Douglas (February 5, 2010). "Imari Obadele, Who Fought for Reparations, Dies at 79". The New York Times.
  8. ↑ "In the News: Mayor Sarno, Representative Williams and Officials Celebrate 37th Annual Black American Heritage with Special Flag Raising Ceremony". springfield-ma.gov. City of Springfield, Massachusetts. February 1, 2023.
  9. ↑ Winbush, Raymond (2010). Should America Pay?: Slavery and the Raging Debate on Reparations. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
  10. ↑ Pace, Eric (May 7, 1997). "Queen Mother Moore, 98, Harlem Rights Leader, Dies". The New York Times.
  11. 1 2 Castro, Gina (February 23, 2023). "National Reparations Awareness Day celebrated, but not well known". Evanston RoundTable.
  12. ↑ Levy, Jordan (January 20, 2023). "Philadelphia is open to exploring a reparations task force, city says, after advocates push for action: The idea of a formal commission is backed by activists, Council members, and at least one mayoral candidate". Billy Penn.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ Michelle Chen (March 7, 2007). "Bill to Study Slavery Reparations Still Facing Resistance". The NewStandard. Archived from the original on 17 March 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  14. ↑ RIVAS, REBECCA (June 17, 2022). "Reparations for Black Americans seeing unprecedented national support, advocates say: As Juneteenth nears, civil rights groups call on president to sign executive order to begin reparations process". Missouri Independent.
  15. ↑ Alcindor, Yamiche (August 1, 2016). "Black Lives Matter Coalition Makes Demands as Campaign Heats Up". The New York Times.
  16. 1 2 Johnson, Eric M. (August 2, 2016). "Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda". Reuters.
  17. ↑ Changamire, Kofi (Aug 1, 2019). "Dereliction of Duty; The 30 year tenure of N'COBRA". Medium.
  18. 1 2 Brown, Ann (May 3, 2022). "Are NAARC And N'COBRA Blocking A Modern, Lineage-Based Reparations Claim?". The Moguldom Nation.
  19. ↑ Sinha, Manisha (September 20, 2019). "The Long History of American Slavery Reparations: From the colonial era to today, the bitter legacy of bondage and racial oppression has sparked demands for compensation, with some successes and many broken promises". Wall Street Journal.
  20. ↑ "N'Cobra Organizational Leadership Roundtable Report" (PDF). N'Cobra.org. 2004. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  21. ↑ "How The City Of Evanston Is Paying Reparations: Robin Rue Simmons shares how Evanston, Illinois created a restorative housing fund that enabled 16 Black seniors to make home improvements or mortgage payments". Next City. September 14, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Sources

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