Nipple discharge
| Subclass of | breast disease, lactation disorder, discharge, body fluid  |
|---|---|
| Facet give | women's health |
| Health specialty | gynaecology |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/nipple_discharge |
Nipple discharge be fluid from de nipple, with anaa widout squeezing de breast.[1][2] De discharge fi be milky, clear, green, purulent, bloody, anaa faintly yellow.[3] De consistency fi be thick, thin, sticky, anaa watery.[2][3]
Nipple discharge fi be normal, such as milk insyd late pregnancy anaa after childbirth, den insyd newborns during de first weeks of life.[1][4] E sanso fi be normal following squeezing, insyd women during de reproductive years.[1][2] E be likely abnormal if e dey occur insyd men, dey contain blood, e be from one breast per, anaa e be associated plus a breast lump, swelling, redness anaa overlying skin changes.[1][4] Reasons for abnormal discharge dey include an intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, blocked milk duct, infected breast (mastitis anaa breast abscess), breast cancer, certain medications, den conditions wey dey raise prolactin.[4][5][6]
Milky discharge insyd a non-pregnant, non-breast feeding women be evaluated differently to oda abnormal nipple discharge.[6] Often, de cause fi be determined based on symptoms den examination.[2] Dem fi do blood tests to rule out low thyroid anaa high prolactin.[7] Oda tests fi include mammography, breast ultrasound, breast biopsy, anaa skin biopsy.[8]
Treatment dey depend on de underlying cause.[1] Duct ectasia fi be treated plus surgical removal of de ducts wey be involved.[1] Infectious causes fi require antibiotics anaa incision den drainage.[1] Nipple discharge be de third most common breast complaint by women, after breast pain den a breast lump.[6] About 3% of breast cancer cases be associated plus discharge.[6][9]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Saj2020, Karima R.; Sugumar, Kavin; Adigun, Rotimi (2020), "Breast Nipple Discharge", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28613688, retrieved 2 November 2020
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - 1 2 3 4 Brennan, Meagan; Houssami, Nehmat; French, James (May 2005). "Management of benign breast conditions. Part 3 – other breast problems" (PDF). Australian Family Physician. 34 (5): 353–355. PMID 15887938.
- 1 2 Barry, Michele (1990), Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.), "Nipple Discharge", Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.), Boston: Butterworths, ISBN 978-0-409-90077-4, PMID 21250127, retrieved 2020-10-30
- 1 2 3 "Nipple discharge". nhs.uk (in English). 19 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ↑ Salzman, B; Fleegle, S; Tully, AS (15 August 2012). "Common breast problems". American Family Physician. 86 (4): 343–9. PMID 22963023.
- 1 2 3 4 Danielle Mazza (2011). "11. Nipple discharge". Women's Health in General Practice. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. p. 189. ISBN 9780729538718.
- ↑ Arthur, Rhonda (2014). "13. Gynaecologic guidelines". In Jill C., Cash; Glass, Cheryl A. (eds.). Family Practice Guidelines, Third Edition. Springer Publishing Company. p. 450. ISBN 978-0-8261-9782-5.
- ↑ DeMuro, Jonas (30 October 2018). "Nipple discharge: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov (in English). Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ↑ Saad, Reda S.; Silverman, Jan F. (2008). "25. Breast". In Marluce Bibbo (ed.). Comprehensive Cytopathology (in English). David Wilbur (Third ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 760–761. ISBN 978-1-4160-4208-2.