Nitrofurantoin
| Subclass of | nitrofuran  |
|---|---|
| Get use | Medication |
| Chemical formula | C₈H₆N₄O₅ |
| Canonical SMILES | C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1N=CC2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Active ingredient in | Furadantin, Macrodantin |
| Medical condition treated | urinary tract infection, gram-negative bacterial infection, cystitis |
| Pregnancy category | Australian pregnancy category A, US pregnancy category B |
| Subject has role | enzyme inhibitor, urinary anti-infective agents, male reproductive toxicant, bactericide, WHO essential medicines |
| WHO Aware Classification | access |
Nitrofurantoin, dem sell under de brand name Macrobid among odas, be an antibacterial medication of de nitrofuran class. E be used primarily to treat lower[1][2] urinary tract infections (UTIs) buh e sanso be used insyd bladder infections. E no be indicated give kidney infections[3] nor e be as effective give dem. Dem dey take am by mouth.[3]
Common side effects dey include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, den headaches.[3] Rarely numbness, lung problems, anaa liver problems fi occur.[3] While e dey appear to be generally safe during pregnancy ein use no be recommended near time of delivery.[3][4] While e usually dey work by slowing bacterial growth, e fi result in bacterial death at de high concentrations dem find insyd urine, provided forced fluid dilution of urine be avoided.[3]
As de name anaa branding dey suggest, nitrofurantoin (secof de brand name macrobid) for be taken twice per day, or bis in die (B.I.D.). Na dem first sell nitrofurantoin insyd 1953.[5] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] E be available as a generic medication.[3] Insyd 2023, e be de 143rd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 3 million prescriptions.[7][8]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "About nitrofurantoin". nhs.uk (in English). 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2025-11-12.
- ↑ "NICE - Nitrofurantoin". BNF - NICE.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Nitrofurantoin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ↑ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ↑ Blass B (2015). Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development. Elsevier. p. 511. ISBN 9780124115255. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
- ↑ "Nitrofurantoin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
External links
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